The long gestation period of elephants
Elephants are known for having the longest gestation period among all land mammal species, lasting about 22 months. This long gestation is necessary for the full development of the baby elephant's brain and nervous system. Throughout these two years, the mother elephant receives the care and protection of the rest of the herd, especially her female companions, who actively collaborate in raising the young.
During pregnancy, the mother experience physiological and emotional changes similar to those that other mammalian species go through during pregnancy, including humans. This is reflected in changes in their behavior, appetite, and emotional state, demonstrating the depth of their social ties and their ability to experience complex emotions.
Preparation for birth
The herd of elephants plays a crucial role in preparing for the birth. Before giving birth, the mother chooses a quiet and safe place, away from possible threats, where she feels protected and comfortable. This location is generally an area with sufficient vegetation, water, and shade. The rest of the herd stays close by to provide the necessary support and protect the pregnant female.
During this time, the mother actively communicates with the pack through specific vocalizations, such as trumpets and low snores. These communications convey information about their status and allow the group to coordinate efforts for the care and protection of the mother and future calf.
The moment of birth
- The birth process itself can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. During this time, the mother elephant experience contractions and look for a suitable position to facilitate the process.
- It is common for the mother-to-be leans against a tree or a similar structure to keep your balance while you deliver the baby. The exact position may vary from individual to individual.
- the baby elephant born weighing between 80 and 150 kg and is already able to move and stand up in the first hours of life. This is essential to allow it to quickly feed and adapt to its environment.
The first steps and the bond with the mother
After birth, the mother elephant and her calf immediately establish a strong emotional bond that will last a lifetime. The mother guides and protects the young from her, teaching it to move, feed and communicate with the rest of the pack. During this time, the other members of the group are also integrated into the upbringing and teaching of the new calf.
Importantly not only the mother is responsible for the care of the baby, also the other females of the herd, called "aunts", provide their experience and protection to the newborn. This phenomenon, known as cooperative breeding, is common in elephants and is believed to strengthen social bonds within the group.
The importance of herd support
The herd plays a critical role in the well-being and survival of the elephant calf. Despite being born with great mobility, baby elephants are vulnerable to predators and harsh environmental factors. The protection and care provided by the group greatly increases the new member's chances of survival and success. In addition, the social bonds that are established in the herd are vital for the emotional and cognitive development of the calf.
The birth of an elephant is an event full of tenderness and love that allows us to glimpse the emotional and social complexity of these magnificent animals. An event that shows that in the animal kingdom, family and collective support are essential to perpetuate life and guarantee the well-being of future generations.