Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamalulwane. Phakathi kwazo kukho ilulwane lezihlangu. Igama layo lezenzululwazi yiRhinolophus ferrumequinum. Olu didi lwelulwane lolona didi lweRhinolophus oluhlala eYurophu. Ukongeza, ikwayeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo, njengoko ikhetha ukuhlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinemithi kuneendawo ezivulekileyo zebhayotopes. Olu hlobo luqhelekile kumazantsi ePalearctic.
Njengazo zonke i-Rhinolophus, ilulwane leehashe ikhupha i-ultrasound ngeempumlo endaweni yomlomo. Kunye nezinye ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zibhabhayo ze-microchiroptera suborder, nayo ayinayo inkonjane.
Ukusasazwa kwelulwane lwesihlangu
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Ikhona kummandla osemazantsi wePalearctic. Oku kubandakanya amazwe asuka eMorocco nakwiPeninsula yase-Iberia ukuya eJapan. Ngaphakathi kweYurophu, umda wayo osemantla usemzantsi-ntshona weGreat Britain ukuya eGrisi. Empuma, kukho imizekelo yesi silwanyana eCrimea.
Ngoku kukho abantu abamalunga nama-50 amawaka abantu eSpain. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani liyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngendlela ngokubanzi kulo lonke usingasiqithi weIberia. Ezona ndawo zichaphazeleka kakhulu yimpuma kunye neziko lommandla waseSpain. I-Andalusia luluntu olunelona nani liphezulu lamalulwane ehashe kwilizwe lonke. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-11 amawaka eesampuli zolu hlobo zihlala apho, ezimele i-23% yaseSpain. Ukuhla kwaba bantu kuphakathi. Kubalwa ukuba ukwehla kwayo yi-3,5% ngonyaka. Ngaphandle koku, inani lamalulwane ase-Andalusian lithathwa njengelona liphilileyo kwilizwe lethu. Ecaleni kwayo kukho nezo zeCastilla-La Mancha, Extremadura kunye neCastilla y León.
Indawo yokuhlala yeBhat yeHorseshoe
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezisetyenziswa yiRhinolophus ferrumequinum. Esi silwanyana sikholisa ukufumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingaphantsi komhlaba ngexesha lasebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha layo elisebenzayo lihlala lihlala kwii-cellars, attics kunye ne-cavities. Nje, iindawo zabo zokuzingela ziyi-200 kunye ne-1000 yeemitha ukusuka kwindawo yokusabela yangoku. Amalulwane ehorseshoe asebenzisa iindlwana zasebusuku okanye “iiperches” xa ezingela. Apho ahlala ejinga de alifumane ixhoba lawo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/myotis-myotis/»]
Ukusabalalisa kwayo kuphuma kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezili-1600. I-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum luhlobo oludibeneyo. Inokwenza iikholoni zabantu abafikelela kuma-900. Ukongeza, ilulwane le-horseshoe lihlala kwaye lithembeke kakhulu kwiindawo zalo zokukhusela ezihlangabezana nothotho lweemeko ezifanelekileyo zexesha lokuzala kunye nokulala.
Izoyikiso kwilulwane lwesihlangu
Njengoko i-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ine-gergarism ephawulwe kakhulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi wokuhlaziya ngenxa yokuba imazi nganye inethole elinye kuphela ngonyaka, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuthi zibe yintlekele kolu didi. Ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamakholoni kubangela ukufa kwemizekelo emininzi yala malulwane, apho abanako ukubuyisela ngexesha elifutshane. Ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukuguqulwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa ngabantu nazo zitshabalalisa iikholoni ezipheleleyo zolu hlobo kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezibulali-zinambuzane zasehlathini kuyawatshabalalisa amalulwane ehashe namanye amalulwane. Ngokomzekelo, kwaSirayeli, ukufunxa ngokugqithisileyo emiqolombeni ukuze kuliwe nelulwane iRousettus aegyptiacus kulifikise kucingo lokuphela.
Kwi-ecosystem onke amalungu adlala indima. Indalo idale izinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi komyalelo kunye nokulinganisela ukuba, xa kutshintshile, kunokubangela utshintsho olubalulekileyo kunye nemiphumo emibi. Kunjalo ngoba kufuneka siqonde ukuba i-ecosystems kufuneka ikhathalelwe, oko kuthetha ukukhathalela izityalo nezilwanyana. Ukuba siyaqhubeka sitshabalalisa iindidi ezininzi kangaka zezilwanyana nezityalo, siya kubhanga nathi.
Uhlobo lweRhinolophus
Zonke iirhinolophids okanye amalulwane amahashe Zizizinambuzane ezizingelayo zize zibambe amaxhoba azo xa zibhabha. Ukongeza, baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphila ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zikhetha ukuhlala kwiikholoni ezinkulu emiqolombeni, ezinye zihlala kwimithi engenanto kwaye ezinye zilala ngaphandle zijinga kumasebe emithi. Amalulwane asemantla ehashe ahlala efukame ngelona xesha libandayo enyakeni. Iindidi ezimbalwa ziye zilale ehlotyeni kwaye enye iyafuduka.
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Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lweerhinolophids kukudumba kwamacandelo amaninzi kwiimpumlo zazo. Zifana kakhulu namagqabi anesimo sesicathulo sehashe, kungoko igama labo. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, umbulelo kulo mzekelo unokukwazi ukwahlula i-rhinolophids kwamanye amalulwane ngeso lenyama.
Ngo-2005, izazinzulu zachonga iindidi ezine ezithwele intsholongwane efana kakhulu ne-SARS coronavirus. Ezo ntlobo zezi: R. sinicus, R. macrotis, R. pearsoni kunye ne-R. ferrumequinum.