Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamalulwane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ilulwane lesicathulo samahhashi. Igama layo lesayensi yi-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. Lolu hlobo lwelulwane yilo olukhulu kuhlobo lwe-Rhinolophus oluhlala eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiyona futhi etholakala yonke indawo, njengoba ikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezinkuni kunokuba i-biotopes evulekile. Lolu hlobo lujwayelekile ePalearctic eseningizimu.
Njengawo wonke ama-Rhinolophus, ilulwane lesicathulo samahhashi ikhipha i-ultrasound ngamakhala esikhundleni somlomo. Kanye nezinye zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo ezingaphansi kwe-microchiroptera, ayinayo inkonjane futhi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwelulwane lesicathulo samahhashi
I-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Ikhona esifundeni esiseningizimu yePalearctic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amazwe asuka eMorocco naseNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia kuya eJapane. EYurophu, umkhawulo wayo osenyakatho usengxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGreat Britain ukuya eGreece. Empumalanga, kunezibonelo zalesi silwane eCrimea.
Njengamanje kunesibalo sabantu ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50 eSpain. Nokho, leli nani liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngendlela evamile kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Izindawo ezithinteke kakhulu yimpumalanga nenkaba yendawo yaseSpain. I-Andalusia iwumphakathi onenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamalulwane esicathulo samahhashi ezweni lonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izibonelo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-11 zalolu hlobo zihlala lapho, ezimele ama-23% eSpain. Ukwehla kwalesi sibalo kumaphakathi. Kubalwe ukuthi ukwehla kwawo kungu-3,5% ngonyaka. Naphezu kwalokhu, inani labantu base-Andalusian lamalulwane amahhashi libhekwa njengelinye elinempilo kakhulu ezweni lethu. Eduze kwayo kukhona nabaseCastilla-La Mancha, Extremadura kanye neCastilla y León.
I-Horseshoe Bat Habitat
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokukhosela ezisetshenziswa i-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. Lesi silwane ngokuvamile sitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ngesikhathi sasebusika. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo kuvame ukugcinwa ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ama-attics kanye nemigodi. Ngenjwayelo, izindawo zabo zokuzingela zingamamitha angama-200 kanye ne-1000 ukusuka endaweni yokuphephela yamanje. Amalulwane esicathulo samahhashi asebenzisa ama-roosts asebusuku noma "ama-perches" ukuzingela. Lapho ahlala elenga aze athole inyamazane yawo.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/myotis-myotis/»]
Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kusuka olwandle kuya endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1600. I-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum iwuhlobo oluthanda ukuhlangana. Ingakha amakoloni abantu abangafika ku-900. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilulwane lezicathulo zehhashi lihlezi futhi lithembeke kakhulu ezindlini zalo zokukhosela ezihlangabezana nochungechunge lwezimo ezifanele zenkathi yokuzalanisa kanye nokulala.
Ukusongela ilulwane lesicathulo samahhashi
Njengoba i-Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ine-gergarism ephawuleka kakhulu namandla aphansi okuvuselela ngenxa yokuthi insikazi ngayinye inenkonyane elilodwa kuphela ngonyaka, kunezici eziningana ezingaba inhlekelele kulolu hlobo lwezilwane. Ukucekelwa phansi noma ukuphazamiseka kwamakoloni kubangela ukufa kwezibonelo eziningi zalawa malulwane, angakwazi ukubuyisela kuwo ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukucekelwa phansi noma ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa abantu nakho kubhubhisa wonke amakoloni alolu hlobo nezinye eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasehlathini kulimaza kakhulu ilulwane lezicathulo zamahhashi namanye amalulwane. Ngokwesibonelo, kwa-Israyeli, ukuthuthwa ngokweqile kwemigede ukuze kuliwe nelulwane i-Rousettus aegyptiacus kulethe onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem wonke amalungu adlala indima. Imvelo idale izidalwa eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwe-oda nokulinganisela ukuthi, lapho kushintshiwe, kungabangela izinguquko ezibalulekile nemiphumela emibi. Yingakho ke kufanele sazi ukuthi imvelo kumele inakekelwe, lokho kusho ukunakekela izitshalo nezilwane. Uma siqhubeka nokuqothula izinhlobo eziningi kangaka zezilwane nezitshalo, nathi sizogcina sesishabalala nathi.
Uhlobo lwe-Rhinolophus
Wonke ama-rhinolophid noma amalulwane amahhashi Ziyizinambuzane ezizingelayo futhi zibambe inyamazane yazo lapho zindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banemikhuba ehluke kakhulu yokuphila. Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukuhlala emakoloni amakhulu emihumeni, ezinye zihlala ezihlahleni ezingenalutho kanti ezinye zize zilale ngaphandle zilenga emagatsheni ezihlahla. Amalulwane esicathulo samahhashi asenyakatho ngokuvamile alala ebusika ngesikhathi esibanda kakhulu sonyaka. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezilwane zize zilale ehlobo futhi okungenani eyodwa iyafuduka.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/murcielago-de-la-fruta/»]
Isici esiphawulekayo sama-rhinolophid amaqhubu awo ahlukene emakhaleni awo. Zifana kakhulu namaqabunga anesimo se-horseshoe, yingakho igama lawo. Kungaphezu kwakho konke ngenxa yalesi sici ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ama-rhinolophid kwamanye amalulwane ngeso lenyama.
Ngo-2005, ososayensi bahlonza ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezine ezaziphethe igciwane elifana kakhulu ne-SARS coronavirus. Lezo zinhlobo yilezi: R. sinicus, R. macrotis, R. pearsoni kanye ne-R. ferrumequinum.