Phakathi komndeni wezilwane ezihlala emanzini, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-jester, kunezinhlobo ezingaziwa kancane. Nabanye abaqhamuka ngenxa yezigameko ezibaholela kwabezindaba. Yilokhu okwenzekile ngeselesele okuthiwa i-bufo alvarius.
Kodwa, Iyini ixoxo le-bufo alvarius? Ivelaphi? Injani impilo yakhe futhi kungani edume kangaka? Konke lokhu nokunye okuningi yilokho esizokutshela khona ngokulandelayo.
Izici ze-bufo alvarius toad
Iselesele okuthiwa bufo alvarius, ngokwesayensi eliqanjwe ngokuthi i-alvarius, yaziwa nangamanye amagama, njengeselesele lomfula iColorado, noma iselesele laseSonoran (noma iSonora). Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu, kusukela owesilisa angafinyelela ku-8-15 amasentimitha ubude, kuyilapho abesifazane abakhulu befinyelela ku-9-18 amasentimitha.
Ngokomzimba, uzithola unesampula egcwele yombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Isikhumba sakhe sibushelelezi ngokuphelele futhi siyacwebezela, kodwa simbozwe ezinye izinsumpa. Ngokuqondene nesisu, sinombala okhilimu.
Njengakwamanye amasele, imilenze yangemuva yinde kuneyangaphambili, yonke enemisipha futhi inamandla. Lezi ezingaphambili zifushane kakhulu kodwa zisebenza kahle kakhulu emsebenzini wazo, okungekona nje ukugcina isilwane siqondile, kodwa futhi ukusisebenzisa ekudleni.
Ikhanda alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nomzimba, ngokuba banzi futhi hhayi eside kakhulu. Kuwo, amehlo akhe aqhumile agqama ngaphezu kwakho konke, anombala osagolide anomugqa omnyama ovundlile owunqamulayo. Kuyo uzokwazi ukubona insumpa eyodwa noma ezimbili ekhoneni lomlomo.
Okumele ukwazi ukuthi lelixoxo linobuthi. Iyakwazi ukukhipha ushevu osetshenziswa esikweni, esizokhuluma ngawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Iminyaka yokuphila kwexoxo i-bufo alvarius iphakathi kweminyaka emibili nemine.
Habitat
Isele i-bufo alvarius itholakala eMelika. Ngokuqondile, ingatholakala ku- Ugwadule lwaseSonoran, endaweni ephakathi kweCalifornia, Arizona naseningizimu yeMexico. Akuvamisile ukutholakala kwezinye izindawo futhi, eqinisweni, kuwuhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu olugcinwa luvalelwe, nakuba ngenxa yalowo shevu osetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa, bayasithengisa isilwane.
Endaweni yayo yemvelo, ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, noma ezindaweni ezinogwadule. Nokho, ingatholakala nasemahlathini nasezindaweni ezinotshani. Naphezu kokuba i-amphibian, ayiwadingi amanzi amaningi, nakuba isungula "ikhaya" layo eduze nemifula emikhulu, noma emithonjeni, emachibini ...
Okujwayelekile ukuthi isilwane sichitha izinyanga zasehlobo sicashe emihumeni esizimbela yona noma sibambe imigodi yezinye izilwane (ikakhulukazi amagundane). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebusika kuvame ukuyibona, nakuba njalo ngemva kokushona kwelanga, okuyilapho iyozingela khona.
I-Bufo alvarius idla iselesele
Ukudla kwexoxo i-bufo alvarius kuhluke kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi isilwane esidla inyama. Idla kakhulu amagundane, izinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo futhi uyakwazi ngisho nokudla amanye amaxoxo.
Ukuze yenze lokhu, isebenzisa ulimi olude nolunamathelayo ebamba ngalo izisulu zayo futhi izidonsele emlonyeni wayo, ihlose ukuzigwinya ngosizo lwemihlathi yayo enamandla nemilenze yangaphambili.
Uma isongelwa, iyakwazi ukufihla into emhlophe ephuma ngaphansi komhlathi wayo (ezindlaleni ze-parotoid). Lokhu kunobuthi futhi kuyi-hallucinogenic, ubuthi obunamandla angangabazi ukubusebenzisa "ukubulala" noma ubani ombeka engozini.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha
Phakathi nezinyanga zikaMeyi noJulayi, i-bufo alvarius isele ihlangana nayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuqoqwa kwamanzi njengoba, njengamanye ama-amphibians, ukubekwa kwamaqanda kwenzeka kuwo.
Kanye owesilisa ukhanga owesifazane ngengoma yakhe, ingena emanzini bese kwenzeka i-amplexus. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuchanyuselwa kwamaqanda kuyaqala, azoxhunywa ngemicu emnyama. Umucu ngamunye uzoqukatha amaqanda angaba ngu-8000 azohlala kuleso simo phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 neziyi-12.
Uma isikhathi sokuzala sesifikile, isele liyacasha futhi ukuze lichithe ihlobo nobusika endaweni yokukhosela.
Umkhuba we-bufo toad
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ixoxo eliyi-bufo alvarius laziwe kangcono yingoba livele kwabezindaba lihlobene nomuntu owaziwayo njengoNacho Vidal. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indaba ayinaso "isiphetho esijabulisayo", isivumele ukuthi sembule "ingxenye" yale amphibian, okungenzeka ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, iseduze kunalokho ocabanga ngakho. Sikhuluma ngosiko lwexoxo le-bufo.
Lo mkhosi ngokwesiko uba neshaman okuyiyona eqondisa okwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, nokho-ke, namuhla leso sibalo sikhishwa futhi sisetshenziswa "njengesidakamizwa" ukuze sijabulele, kungaba kuma-disco, phakathi kwentsha, noma emihlanganweni yabantu abadala. ekusithekeni kwabo.
Futhi ukuthi esinye sezici zexoxo le-bufo ukuthi "linobuthi", futhi kuyaziwa, ngalo mkhuba, ukuthi kunabantu bahogela lobo buthi (noma bawuphuze) ngenhloso yokubhekana nemiphumela ye-psychedelic. Ngamanye amazwi, sikhuluma ngomuthi onemiphumela enamandla kakhulu kunaleyo eyaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa futhi enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezikhona njengamanje.
Lo mkhuba wenziwa ngokuhogela intuthu yesihlungu se-bufo alvarius toad. Lokhu kukhiqiza uchungechunge lwemiphumela ye-hallucinogenic ngenxa ye-molecule ye-5-MeO-DMT, okuthi, lapho ingena emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho, iguqule ukwazi. Kunjengokungathi awazi ukuthi ukuphi, noma wenzani, njengokungathi ushiya umzimba wakho. Lowo mzuzu lapho "ubona ukukhanya" ubizwa ngokuthi ukuthola "i-molecule kaNkulunkulu."
Manje, akuyona yonke into "enhle" njengoba umuntu ecabanga. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela ebuchosheni bakho, okungaba sengozini yezinzwa, umzimba wakho ungathola i-tachycardia noma ngisho nokufa. Futhi naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kunabantu abaningi abafuna "imizwa enamandla", futhi baphendukela kuma-psychedelics ama-batrachians, naphezu kokuthi babeka ukuphila kwabo engozini. Eqinisweni, emazweni afana ne-United States ingenye yezidakamizwa eziyingozi nezinqatshelwe.