Izimpungushe umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ezingaphansi komndeni wakwaCaninae. Asakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, kusukela emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika kuya ogwadule oluseningizimu ye-Afrika. Izimpungushe zinomzimba omude onemilenze emifushane namadlebe acijile. Imibala yazo iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa ngokuvamile insundu noma impunga kanye nokumaka okumnyama noma okumhlophe. Izimpungushe eziningi zinomsila omude, onoboya obizwa ngokuthi "umsila wempungushe."
Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihlala zodwa futhi ezihlala zodwa ezidla izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, amaqanda nezithelo. Kungaba futhi izilwane ezingosomathuba ezizodla ingcuba uma ikhona. Izimpungushe zixhumana zodwa zisebenzisa iphimbo eliphakeme kanye nezwi elingenamsindo ukuveza imizwelo enjengokwesaba, intukuthelo, noma uthando.
Izimpungushe beziyingxenye ebalulekile yamasiko amaningi izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngenxa yobuhlakani bawo bemvelo nobuqili. Bahlotshaniswa nobuqili ezinganekwaneni eziningi zasendulo nezinganekwane, okuye kwaba nengxenye ekudumeni kwabo kwesimanje njengezilwane ezifuywayo zasendlini kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga.
Izici
Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wakwaCanidae, ohlanganisa izinja, izimpisi, nezimpungushe. Asakazwa emhlabeni wonke, kusukela e-Arctic kuya ogwadule lwaseSahara. Izimpungushe ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala kuye ngokuthi ziluhlobo luni. Ezinye izinhlobo zinkulu kunekati lasendlini, kanti ezinye zincane njengegundane. Izimpungushe zivame ukuba mpunga noma zibe nsundu ngombala ezinezimpawu ezimhlophe emakhanda nasezintanyeni zazo.
Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihlala zodwa, zasebusuku ezichitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku zilele emigodini noma ezindlini zokukhosela. Bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu abanezinzwa ezibukhali zokubona, ukuhogela, kanye nokuzwa ukuze bathole inyamazane efana nezingulube ze-Guinea, amagundane, kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Zidla ngokuyinhloko izithelo, amajikijolo, nezinambuzane; nokho, bangase badle nenyama uma ikhona.
Izimpungushe zinokuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi komphakathi okunemikhuba yokubingelelana nokubonisa indawo yazo kwamanye amalungu eqembu ngokukhonkotha nokuhhewula okuyisici. Bakha ubudlelwano obuzinzile phakathi kozakwethu kukho konke ukuphila kwabo kwabantu abadala ukuze banakekele ngokuhlanganyela izingane zabo phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa.
Nakuba abantu sekuyisikhathi eside besaba izimpungushe ngenxa yamakhono abo emvelo okuphanga; empeleni zikude kakhulu nokuba yingozi kubantu njengoba ngokuvamile zigwema ukuthintana nabo ngokuqondile noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile futhi ezihlakaniphile ezikwazi ukufunda ngokushesha amaqhinga amasha uma zinikezwa ithuba elifanele.
Zihlala kuphi izimpungushe futhi zidlani?
Izimpungushe ziwumndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama emndenini omncane iCaninae. Ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, okusho ukuthi zidla kokubili izitshalo nenyama. Asakazwa emhlabeni wonke futhi angahlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emahlathini kuya ezingwadule.
Izimpungushe zinemizimba emincane emincane enemilenze emifushane nezindlebe ezicijile. Imibala yazo isukela kobomvu kuye komnyama, nakuba izimpungushe ezimpunga yizona ezivame kakhulu. Abesilisa bavamise ukuba makhudlwana kunabesifazane, banesisindo esiphakathi kuka-4 no-8 kg (9-18 lb). Izimpungushe ezindala zikala phakathi kuka-60 no-90 cm (2-3 ft) ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni.
Ukudla kwezimpungushe kuyehluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka, isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ngokuyinhloko zidla izilwane ezincane njengamagundane, izingulube, izibankwa kanye nezinambuzane; kanye nezithelo zasendle, amajikijolo, ngisho namaqanda noma izinhlanzi uma zikhona. Bangase futhi bantshontshe ukudla kwezinye izilwane noma bafune izinsalela ezidliwayo.
benzani izimpungushe
Izimpungushe zingolunye lwezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi eziguquguqukayo emndenini wezilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngobuchule bazo, ubuqili kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Ziyi-omnivorous, okusho ukuthi zidla izinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kusukela ezinambuzaneni kuya ezithelweni nemifino. Izimpungushe zibonakala nangokukwazi kwazo ukuphila ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisemaphandleni noma edolobheni.
Izimpungushe ziyizidalwa zasebusuku ngokwemvelo, nakuba zingase zisebenze emini uma ukudla kukhona. Ahlome ngezinzwa ezibukhali ngendlela engavamile ukuze azisize zibone inyamazane yazo futhi zigweme ingozi. Izindlebe zazo ezinkulu zivumela ukuba zizwe imisindo ebangeni elide, amehlo azo akhanyayo azisiza ukuba zibone ebumnyameni, futhi ikhala lazo elizwelayo lizivumela ukuba zithole iphunga elimnandi elikude.
Izimpungushe zinezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukahlukene; kusukela emahlathini kuya ezindaweni ezinotshani ezivulekile kuya ezintabeni ezimbozwe yiqhwa ngisho nezindawo ezakhiwe. Bajwayelene kahle ukuze baphile cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni; kukhona ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezihlala ogwadule oluwugwadule lwaseWestern Sahara kuphela!
Izimpungushe ngokuvamile ziba zodwa ngaphandle kwangenkathi yokukhwelana lapho zakha amapheya azinzile namanye amalungu ohlobo lwazo ukuze zizale futhi zivikelelane. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bakha imigodi egqitshwe kakhulu ukuze ifudumale ebusika obubandayo nobusika; Izakhiwo ezifanayo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela unyaka wonke ukuvikela ezilwaneni ezingase zihlasele noma isimo sezulu esingesihle.
Curiosities
Izimpungushe zingenye yezinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi eziguquguqukayo embusweni wezilwane. Lezi zilwane ezincane ezincelisayo zitholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, kusukela emahlathini abandayo e-tundra kuya ogwadule olushisayo. Izimpungushe zaziwa ngokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo zokuhlala nezindlela zokuphila ezihlukene, okuzivumela ukuba ziphile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izimpungushe zinokubukeka okuyingqayizivele okwenza zihluke kwezinye izilwane. Amakhanda azo ayindilinga anezindlebe ezicijile, futhi imizimba yawo imbozwe uboya obumpunga noma obunsundu ngokukhanyayo, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zingaba bomvu noma zimnyama. Izimpungushe futhi zinemilenze emide nemisila ewugqinsi ezisiza ukuba zilinganise lapho zigijima ezindaweni ezimbi.
Izimpungushe ziyi-omnivorous, okusho ukuthi zidla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo njengezithelo, imifino, amaqanda, izinambuzane ngisho nenyama efile. Zihlomele kahle kakhulu ukuzingela izilwane ezincane njengamagundane nezingulube ze-Guinea ngenxa yokuzwa kwazo okubukhali kanye nokubona okuhle ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpungushe zingabagebi abangochwepheshe abakwazi ukumba imigodi ejule ukuze bazivikele esimweni sezulu esibi noma bafihle amaphuphu abo ebusika.
Ngokwemvelo, izimpungushe ngokuvamile zihlala zodwa kodwa zihlangana ngamaqembu esikhashana ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa ukuze zakhe amapheya azinzile noma imindeni enomzali oyedwa (insikazi eyodwa endala nengane yayo). Nakuba zihlobene nezimpisi nezinja zasendle, izimpungushe zikhetha ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu uma kungenzeka; nokho, abanye abantu sebekujwayele ukuba khona kwabantu ezindaweni ezakhiwe lapho kunenala yokudla kutholakala kalula.