Raphus cucullatus, wanda aka fi sani da Dodo ko Dronte, wani nau'in da ba a sani ba ne na dangin Raphinae. Tsuntsun columbiform ne mai tashi wanda ya rayu a tsibirin Mauritius da ke Tekun Indiya. Wannan dabba tana da alaka da tattabarai da suka daina tashi sama saboda yadda suka saba da rayuwar duniya. Bacewar dodo ya faru ne a karshen karni na XNUMX kuma mutane ne suka haddasa shi.
Mafi kusancin dangin Raphus cucullatus shine Rodrigues solitaire, wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Rodrigues. Wani nau'in tsuntsun da ba ya tashi ya bace na dangin Raphinae. A yau, dangin Dodo na kusa shine tantabarar Nicobar, wani tsuntsu mai yaduwa da ke zaune a wasu tsibiran da ke Tekun Indiya.
Bayanin Dodo
Domin Dodo ya bace da wuri. babu takamaiman bayanin wannan dabba. Akwai hasashe game da bayyanarsa da suka dogara da tsoffin zane-zane da kwatanci da kuma ragowar da skeleton da aka samu. Domin daidaitawa da rayuwar duniya a tsibirin, Dodos sun rasa ikon tashi. A sakamakon haka, musculature da ligaments na sternum sun sami koma baya mai karfi. Ƙari ga haka, ƙwanƙolin ya zama filamentous kuma wutsiya ta zama gajere sosai tare da wasu ƴan raunannun gashin fuka-fukan da ke sama.
raphus cucullatus tsayinsa mita daya ne kimanin da nauyin da ke motsawa tsakanin 9,5 da 17,5 kilos. Furensa masu launin toka ne, fikafikansa ƙanana ne. Bakin Dodo ya kai kimanin santimita 23 kuma wurinsa yana kama da ƙugiya, mai yiwuwa yana iya karya ƙwanƙwaran kwakwa. Game da kafafunta, suna da ƙarfi da rawaya kuma suna da gashin fuka-fukai a bayansa.
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Da farko ana kiran wannan tsuntsun Didus ineptus, tunda siffar gargajiya da ta yi daidai da ita ita ce ta tsuntsu mai kitse. Duk da haka, kwanan nan masana sun yi tambaya game da wannan ka'idar. A halin yanzu suna la'akari da hakan tsoffin zane-zanen Dodo sun yi daidai da daidaikun mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su da aka ci fiye da kima.
Gano Dodo
A cikin karni na 1574, mutane sun isa wurin zama na Dodo. A shekara ta 1581 aka bayyana labarin farko da ya shafi wannan tsuntsu a Turai kuma a shekara ta XNUMX wani dan kasar Sipaniya ya kawo samfurin wannan nau'in zuwa nahiyar Turai. Saboda damun Dronte da sauƙi na kamawa, masu binciken Portuguese tare da haɗin gwiwa sun kira shi "wawa" Dodo. Dole ne a la'akari da cewa wannan dabbar ba ta taɓa yin hulɗa da mutane ba, don haka ana iya farauta ba tare da wahala ba.
Tsagewa
Tare da zuwan mutane a Mauritius, sabbin nau'ikan kuma sun bazu a wannan wurin. Waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da aladu, kuliyoyi, karnuka, macaques masu cin kagu, da beraye. Wannan ya haifar da bayyanar sabbin cututtuka. Bugu da kari, lalata dazuzzuka da dan Adam ya haifar ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bacewar Raphus cucullatus. Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka ga samfurin wannan nau'in shi ne a shekara ta 1662. Sai dai wani bawan daji ya yi iƙirarin ya ga Dodo a shekara ta 1674. Don haka, ana hasashen cewa bai ƙare gaba ɗaya ba sai shekara ta 1690. .
Masana sun yi kiyasin cewa farautar wannan dabbar ba ta da wani barna fiye da yadda wasu dabbobin ke yi a cikin gidajensu. Alal misali, aladu sun kashe ƙwayayen Dodo yayin da suke kai farmaki cikin gida don cinye su. raphus cucullatus ya zama bace gaba ɗaya bayan ƙarni guda bayan isowar mutane zuwa wurin zama.
Ciyarwar Dodo
Mai bincike Stanley Temple yayi hasashen cewa tambalacoque, wanda kuma aka sani da "bishiyar dodo", wani ɓangare ne na abincin Raphus cucullatus. A cewarsa, irin wannan tsiron na iya tsirowa ne kawai bayan wucewa ta hanyar narkewar abinci na Dronte. Sakamakon bacewar wannan dabbar, ita ma bishiyar dodo ta kusa bacewa.
Stanley Temple ya so ya tabbatar da rubutunsa. Don yin wannan, ya ciyar da turkeys daji tare da jimlar 17 tambalacoque 'ya'yan itace. Uku ne kawai suka fito. Duk da haka, ka'idarsa ta ci gaba da samun abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ba a fayyace su ba. Misali, ba a tabbatar da haifuwar wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa bayan an sha da turkey ba. Bugu da ƙari, Temple ya yi watsi da rahotannin AW Hill da HC King game da tsiron iri, gami da na bishiyar dodo. Dukansu sun gano cewa tsaba ba sa buƙatar lalacewa kafin su yi fure, kodayake waɗannan lokuta sun faru da wuya.
Shahara al'adu
Dangane da tarihin Dodo da yadda yake da ban sha'awa da kuma tunanin da ake yi na cewa tsuntsu ne mai wauta da wauta, ya zama abin magana a al'adu. wanda aka ambata a fagage daban-daban. Garkuwar Mauritius, alal misali, tana da Dronte a hagu. Bugu da kari, gidan zoo na Jersey da ke Ingila ya yi amfani da wannan dabbar a matsayin alama, tunda ta kware wajen sake dawo da nau'in da ke cikin hadari ta hanyar kiyayewa da haifuwa.
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A cikin shekara ta 1938, Looney Tunes ya kirkiro zane mai ban dariya na Dronte mai suna Yoyo Dodo. Yana da game da mahaukacin tsuntsu wanda ya yi tauraro a cikin "Porky a Wackyland." Raphus cucullatus kuma ya yi bayyanuwa a cikin ban dariya, nunin TV, da fina-finai. Misali ga wannan shine sanannen fasalin fim din «Ice Age». A cikin wannan fim, jaruman sun yi arangama da garken Dodos kan kankana.
Litattafai
Har wala yau akwai littattafan adabi da dama da suka ambaci Dodo. Wataƙila sanannen sananne a duniya shine "Alice in Wonderland", wanda Lewis Carroll ya rubuta. A cikin babi na uku, Dronte ya bayyana yana shirya tseren banza wanda a ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar cewa duk mahalarta sun yi nasara, don haka dole ne a ba su lada. Dodo kuma an yi nuni da shi a cikin littafin "Fantastic Beasts da Inda za a same su" na JK Rowling. A wannan yanayin, Raphus cucullatus an gabatar da shi azaman tatsuniya wanda sunansa shine "diricawl". A cikin wannan labari, wannan dabba yana da ikon bacewa kuma ya sake bayyana a ko'ina kuma saboda wannan ikon, mutane sun gaskata cewa ta ɓace lokacin da gaske ba. Hakanan, Dodos cloned dabbobi ne na kowa a cikin littafan Alhamis na gaba, wanda Jasper Fforde ya rubuta.
Ba kawai litattafai masu ban mamaki ba ne suka ba wa wannan dabba mahimmanci, Masana falsafa kuma suna yin ishara da wannan dabba. Schopenhauer yayi magana game da Dodo a cikin aikinsa "A kan son rai" yana kiran shi "Didus ineptus". A cewarsa, Raphus cucullatus ya zama bace saboda rashin son rai ko ainihin abin da zai iya samar da kowane irin kariya ta yanayi.