A farkon karni na XNUMX, Mary Anning ta sami cikakkiyar burbushin farko a Ingila: na Ichthyosaurus. Duk da kamanceceniya da dabbar dolphins na yanzu, ba dabbar dabba ba ce, amma gurɓatacciyar ruwa ce. wanda ya mamaye tekun Turai daga Belgium, Switzerland da Ingila. Wurin zama na halitta ya kamata ya zama buɗaɗɗen teku. Ya wanzu a ƙarshen Triassic kuma ya zama bacewa a farkon Jurassic, tsakanin shekaru miliyan 200 zuwa 185 da suka wuce.
Sunan wannan dinosaur na ruwa, "Ichthyosaurus", ya fito daga Girkanci. Kalmar "ichtyhis" tana nufin "kifi", kuma kalmar "saurus" tana nufin "lizard", don haka za a iya fassara sunanta kamar yadda. "lizardfish".
Bayanin Ichthyosaurus
ichthyosaurus Zai iya auna kusan mita biyu da tsayi kuma kusan santimita 50 a tsayi, don haka kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta dinosaur a cikin danginsa. An yi hasashen cewa nauyinsa ya kai kilo 90, kwatankwacin beyar Amurka ta zamani. A wani yanki na Jamus da ake kira Holzmaden, an sami duwatsun Jurassic tare da yawa, idan ba daruruwan burbushin wannan nau'in ba. Waɗannan kwarangwal ɗin an kiyaye su sosai, wasu ƙasusuwan har ma an zayyana su. Bugu da kari, an gano burbushin halittu tare da hatch a ciki. Godiya ga waɗannan binciken, yana yiwuwa a fitar da abubuwan da suka dace na zahiri da halayen halayen da Ichthyosaurus ke da shi. Waɗannan halayen ba su keɓanta ga wannan dinosaur ba, amma kuma sun faru a cikin wasu nau'in ichthyosaur kamar dangin Stenopterygius.
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Wannan kadangare na ruwa yana da katon fin nama sosai a bayansa da kuma katon katon kato. Bugu da kari, tana da filaye biyu na gaba da na baya biyu, mai yiwuwa don kiyaye tafiyarsa da daidaitawa a cikin budadden teku. Waɗannan halaye na zahiri an san su da tabbas a yau godiya ga burbushin Jamus waɗanda har ma suna nuna fataccen fata. Bayan haka, ana hasashen zai iya kaiwa gudun kilomita 45 a cikin ruwa, motsa wutsiya daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Tun da kasusuwan kunne na Ichthyosaurus sun kasance da ƙarfi sosai, ana ɗauka cewa ya canza girgizar ruwa zuwa kunnen ciki. Tun da wannan siffa ta zama mara amfani ga wannan dabba, ta ƙare a cikin ichthyosaurs daga baya. Sai dai ana hasashen cewa hankalin da ya fi taimaka masa a lokacin cin abinci shi ne gani, tunda tana da manya-manyan idanuwa masu kula da farantin karfe. Hancin ya kasance kusa da idanuwa sosai, wanda hakan zai iya sanya masa sauƙi ɗaukar iska a saman.
Abincin
Bayan gano burbushin najasa, wanda kuma ake kira coprolites, an fahimci cewa wannan dinosaur. ya fi cin kifi da squid. Ichthyosaurus yana da dogon hanci wanda ya kama wadanda abin ya shafa ya kama su da hakoransa masu kaifi. Duk da kasancewar kifin da yawa mai ban tsoro, shi da kansa ma zai iya zama ganima don sharks da sauran manyan ichthyosaurs, irin su Temnodontosaurus, wanda aka samo ragowar Ichthyosaurus hatchlings tsakanin manyan haƙarƙarinsa.
Ciwon ciki na Ichthyosaurus
Da farko an yi tunanin cewa, kamar sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe na ruwa, Ichtyhosaurus ya shimfiɗa ƙwai a ƙasa. Kamar yadda muka ambata, an gano kasusuwan kasusuwan wannan kadangare na ruwa wadanda ke dauke da samfurin kyankyasai da aka riga aka samu a cikin mahaifarsu. Saboda haka, waɗannan dinosaur suna da kyakkyawan matakin daidaitawa kuma ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke nufin ba su koma ƙasa ba. Saboda wannan binciken an san cewa Ichthyosaurus ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Menene ma'anar wannan? Dabbobi masu rarrafe su ne waɗanda amfrayonsu ke tasowa a cikin mahaifar mace. A can, bayan hadi, yana samun iskar oxygen da abincin da yake bukata don girma da haɓaka gabobinsa har zuwa haihuwa. Wannan al'amari yana faruwa a kusan dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutane. Ichthyosaurus hatchlings sun fara fitar da wutsiyoyinsu don guje wa nutsewa yayin haihuwa.
Duk da haka, haihuwar jariri koyaushe yana ɗaukar haɗari. A cikin ƙananan hoton mun ga kwarangwal da aka fallasa a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na kimiyyar halitta a Stuttgart, Jamus. Wannan macen ta mutu ne kafin ko a lokacin haihuwa. Bayan mutuwarta, daya daga cikin 'ya'yan ya kori da iskar gas mai lalacewa, kuma har yanzu akwai wasu kananan kwarangwal guda uku a cikin mahaifar uwa.
Wasu ra'ayoyin sun yi imanin cewa Ichthyosaurus ya kasance ovoviviparous. Wannan yana nufin cewa mace ta samar da ƙwai a cikin mahaifarta, kuma waɗannan sun buɗe a cikinta, tsari irin na sharks na yanzu. An ɗauka cewa mai ciki Ichthyosaurus ya nemi wurare masu zurfi don haihuwa. Don haka, jariran da aka haifa za su iya isa sararin sama da sauri don kama iska. Har zuwa yau an lissafta hakan za ta iya haihuwa har goma sha daya.