Mutane da yawa sun san a yau ka'idar cewa dinosaur sun samo asali zuwa tsuntsaye. Ana magana da shi a cikin "Jurassic Park" saga, a cikin takardun shaida da kuma a cikin gidajen tarihi. Yawancin masana kimiyya da masana burbushin halittu sun yi ƙoƙarin gano juyin halitta na waɗannan ƙaton halittu masu rarrafe. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu komai yana nuna cewa wannan ka'idar gaskiya ce godiya ga dinosaur fuka-fuki.
Dinosaurs fuka-fuki nau'i ne na tsaka-tsaki tsakanin dinosaur da tsuntsayen zamani. Ka'idar cewa tsuntsaye sun fito daga dinosaur theropod sun kasance a cikin shekaru masu yawa. Tsuntsaye na farko, irin su Archeopteryx, suna da abubuwa da yawa tare da dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar farantansu, yatsunsu, da hakora. A karshen shekarun 90, an gano dinosaur fuka-fuki a kasar Sin. Waɗannan su ne tabbataccen hujja ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin dinosaur da tsuntsaye. Duk da haka, bayanan zuriyar sun kasance a cikin yanayin ƙuduri.
Tarihin dinosaur fuka-fuki
Yau akwai shaidun kimiyya da yawa da ke tabbatar da dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsuntsaye da dinosaur. Kamancensu a matakin ilimin halittar jiki yana da ban mamaki sosai. Kafafu, na sama, kwanyar kai da hips suna kama da juna. Tsuntsaye na zamani monophyletic ne, wato: Duk nau'ikan da ke cikin wannan rukunin suna da rukunin kakanni guda ɗaya. Dabbobin farko na kakannin tsuntsaye sun fito ne daga zamanin Jurassic.
A cikin 2017, masana burbushin halittu Norman, Barrett, da Baron sun buga cewa gashin fuka-fukai ko makamantan su na iya samo asali daga kakannin kakannin Ornithoscelida. Ƙungiya ce ta dinosaur waɗanda suka haɗa da theropods da ornithischians. Su ne kawai nau'i biyu tare da kasancewar gashin tsuntsu. Wataƙila gashin fuka-fukan sun ci gaba a ƙungiyoyin farko. Wannan hasashe saboda pycnofibers da aka gano a cikin pterosaurs. Bugu da kari, crocodilians suma suna da beta-keratin mai kama da na tsuntsayen zamani.
Kamance Tsakanin Dinosaurs Feathered da Tsuntsaye na Zamani
Har ila yau, Matsayin lokacin barci da zuciya ma suna kama da juna. A cikin shekara ta 2000, an gudanar da nazarin cavities na wasu dinosaur. Ta hanyar zane-zane an iya lura cewa zukata suna da ramuka huɗu, kama da dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. An gano wani burbushin wani Troodon da ke barci a cikin yanayi mai kama da tsuntsu kwanan nan. Ya boye kansa a karkashin hannayensa don kiyaye zafi na cranial.
[mai alaka url="https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/microraptor/»]
Wani kamanni da aka samu tsakanin fuka-fukan dinosaurs da tsuntsaye shine shigar da duwatsu. Hanya ce ta narkewa da ke taimakawa wajen murƙushe zaruruwa lokacin da suka shiga ciki. Wadannan duwatsun da aka samu a cikin burbushin halittu ana kiran su gastroliths. Godiya ga waɗannan duwatsun da dinosaur suka ci, masana burbushin halittu sun sami damar kafa hanyoyin ƙaura na waɗannan dabbobi. Don haka, dole ne a gudanar da nazarin yanayin yanayin ƙasa.
Gurasa
A cikin 1861 an sami dinosaur fuka-fuki na farko: Archeopteryx. Wannan tsuntsun daɗaɗɗen misali ne bayyananne na sifar rikon kwarya tsakanin dinosaurs da tsuntsaye kuma yana da halaye na dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye. An gano shi ne bayan da Charles Darwin ya buga "On the Origin of Species" kuma yana goyon bayan ka'idarsa ta juyin halitta. Archeopteryx a zahiri yana kama da dinosaur na yau da kullun. Ta yadda mutanen da ba su da alamun burbushin halittu sun ruɗe da samfuran Compsognathus.
Tun daga shekarun 90, an sami dinosaur fuka-fukai masu yawa. Duk da haka, yawancin burbushin da aka gano suna da gashin fuka-fukan da ba su kama da na tsuntsaye ba, sai dai kama da cakuduwar gashi da gashin fuka-fukan. A kowane hali, ana hasashen cewa sun kasance da amfani sosai don suturta kansu daga sanyi. Irin wannan gashin tsuntsu an kira shi "protofeather". An dauke shi a matsayin farkon gashin gashin tsuntsaye na zamani.
[mai alaka url="https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/arqueopterix/»]
Musamman a cikin dromaeosaurids yana da alama cewa murfin plumage ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Fuka-fukanta suna da ban mamaki. Hakanan, a cikin wannan dangi shine Microraptor. Kwararru da yawa suna tunanin cewa wannan dinosaur ɗin yana iya yawo.
Sake bugun
An gano kwarangwal na Tyrannosaurus rex kwanan nan, wanda ya baiwa masana kimiyya damar kafa jima'i na dinosaur a karon farko. Bayan sun yi ƙwai, tsuntsayen mata na zamani suna samun nama na ƙashi na musamman a gabobinsu. Wannan kashi ana kiransa da "kashi medullary." Kasancewa mai arziki a cikin calcium, yana hidima don ƙirƙirar kwai. Irin wannan nau'in nama na kashi an samo shi a cikin marrow na Tyrannosaurus Rex, don haka yana iya tabbatar da cewa mace ce. Bugu da ƙari, misali ne bayyananne cewa Dinosaurs sun yi amfani da dabarun haifuwa sosai da tsuntsaye.
Kashi
Ya zuwa yau, an gano fiye da ɗari makamantan sifofin jiki a cikin kwarangwal na maniraptor theropods da na tsuntsayen zamani. Don haka aka karbe su a matsayin makusantansu da magabata. Daga cikin waɗannan fasalulluka na yau da kullun akwai pubis, wuya, wuƙar kafaɗa, wuyan hannu, na sama, ƙasusuwan pectoral, da cerci. Duk da haka, Babban abin lura shine furcula. Kashi ne da aka samu ta hanyar hadewar duka biyun. Yana da na musamman a cikin tsuntsaye da kuma theropods.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan gama gari suna tabbatar da cewa dinosaurs kakannin tsuntsaye ne. Don haka sun bi dogon tsari na daidaita yanayin jiki da na jiki. Duk da haka, tsarin juyin halittarsa ya kasance mai sarkakiya. Masana na ci gaba da mahawara kan ko ya samo asali ne sakamakon masu gudu masu saurin gudu da ke amfani da jirgin sama wajen sauya wuri, ko kuma ta dinosaur da ke zaune a bishiya.
[mai alaka url="https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/theropod/»]
A ƙarshe, ana iya cewa gaba ɗaya imani tsakanin masana burbushin halittu shine cewa tsuntsaye sun fito daga dinosaur. Duk da haka, wasu masana, irin su masanin kimiyya Gregory S. Paul, sun ba da shawarar wata hasashe daga takamaiman rukuni. Misali zai zama dromaeosaurids. Bulus yana tunanin cewa waɗannan dinosaur za su iya bi ta hanyar juyin halitta, wato: daga tsuntsaye. A cewarsa, mai yiyuwa ne sun rasa yadda za su iya tashi sama amma duk da haka sun ajiye gashin fuka-fukan su, kamar jiminai.