Parasaurolophus yaiva herbivorous hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur iyo yaigara munguva yekupedzisira yeCretaceous nguva inenge mamiriyoni 83 kusvika ku71 mamiriyoni apfuura. Idhinasori rinonyatsozivikanwa, kunyanya pamaitiro ayo dehenya raro rakaita sesando rinopera. Iyo crest yainayo ndipo chaipo panobva zita rayo. «For» zvinoreva «Pamwe chete» muchiGiriki, «Saurus» sezvatakaona kare zvinoreva «Lizard», uye pakupedzisira «Lophos» iyo inosvika kureva «Crest». Zita rake rose pamwe chete raizoshandura se "Near the Crested Lizard."
Kusimuka kwake mukurumbira kwakauya nekuda kwefirimu raSteven Spielberg ra1993 reJurassic Park, semamwe madhinosaurs aive akakurumbira nekuda kwaro. Tinogona zvakare kuwana iyo Parasaurolophus mune mamwe mafirimu eDisney, akadai saFantasia kana Dinosaurio, uye zvakare muPixar mifananidzo yakadai se "The Good Dinosaur". Kana kunyange pano, munyaya ino! Kuti isu tichazvitsaurira kuti tisvike pakuziva iyi dinosaur inoda kuziva zvakanyanya, kubva munzira yaro yekuzvibata, tichiziva iyo anatomically, uye akasiyana ekufungidzira nezve basa re crest yayo.
Parasaurolophus Anatomy
Sezvinowanzoitika kune mamwe skeletons edinosaur, skeleton yeParasaurolophus haina kuwanikwa yakazara. Zvinozivikanwawo kuti kwakanga kune marudzi matatu akasiyana, Parasaurolophus Walkeri, Tubicen, uye Cyrtocristatus. Muchidimbu, maererano nefossil yakasara yaP. Walkeri, inoverengwa kuti kureba kunofanira kunge kwaive kwemamita gumi, nedehenya remamita 10 kusanganisira crest uye anenge 3 kana 4 metres kureba. Panyaya yeTubicen, dehenya racho rakatokura, zvichiita kuti dzidziso yokuti muviri wayo uye urefu hwayo hunogona kunge hwakakura.
Huremu hwayo hunofungidzirwa kusvika pamatani 2, uye semamwe ma hadrosaurids, inofungidzirwa kuti ingadai yakafamba pamakumbo ose e2 uye ne 4. Iyo chete inozivikanwa yepamberi yepamberi ipfupi kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe hadrosaurids, zvisinei, simba guru rinoonekwa nekapfupi asi yakafara scapula (pafudzi. blade). Iyo femur inowanikwa, kubva kuParasaurolophus Walkeri, inoyera 103 centimita uye yakasimba pakureba kwayo. Humerus uye pelvis zvakare zvakavakwa zvakasimba. Iyi chaiyo anatomy inoita kuti munhu afunge kuti kutsvaga chikafu nekudya, zvingadai zvakazviita pamakumbo mana, ukuwo kutama kunenge kwave ne4.
Magumo emakumbo ayo anoramba asina kugadziriswa. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dze paleontologist dzichipikisa kuti ingadai yaiva nemahwanda, vamwe vanoti inogona kunge yaiva nzwara asi yakasakara nenguva. Chokwadi ndechekuti zvakasara zvezviratidziro zveganda zvakawanikwa, saka kune yakanyatsotsanangurwa yakajairika pfungwa yakazara. Vaivewo nemuswe wakareba uye wakatsetseka, izvo yaifungidzirwa kuti ingashandisa muswe wayo kushambira.
The prominent crest
Kana chimwe chinhu chiri hunhu hweParasaurolophus, ihombe yayo uye yakasarudzika yakaita sando. Izvi inoumbwa ne premaxilla uye nasal bone uye inobvisa kubva kuseri kwemusoro, sezvinoonekwa pamufananidzo. Zvakawanda zvakatemerwa pamusoro payo nebasa rayo. Somuenzaniso, William Park, uyo akatumidza rudzi urwu, akataura kuti zvichida kubatana pakati pekrete nemutsipa kwaivapo kutsigira musoro. Chimwe chinhu chekuti ukafunga nezvazvo, chinotishamisa. Izvo zvakare zvave kutaurwa kuti inogona kuve neseiri yeganda kubva kucrest kuenda kumutsipa.
Iyo crest yakaratidzirwawo seimwe ye tubular uye mhango ine 4 hollow zvikamu, maviri akanongedza kumusoro uye maviri pasi. Basa rekufungidzira raizove rakaita kuve kukwanisa kubata mweya wayo iri pasi pemvura. Ukuwo, gare gare dzidziso iyi yakarambwawo. Chokwadi, zvave zvichifungwa kuti raishandiswa pakukwezva kwevarume nevakadzi, zvichida kunyevera nezveimwe ngozi, kana kuti kuchengetedza thermoregulation. Padzidziso dzose, chinonyanya kunzwisisika ndechekukurukurirana. Zvikamu zvemukati zvakakomba zvechubhu, inogona kunge yakashanda semusikirwo we resonator, ine ruzha rwekutaurirana pakati perudzi rwayo.
Zvokudya
Nemazana emazino akaita mbiru idzo dzainge dzave kutsiva dzainge dzasakara, kudya kwacho kwainyanya kudyiwa nemishonga. Yaiva nemuromo wakapamhamha, wakatsetseka, kunge wedhadha. Kupfeka kwaakaitwa nemazino ake kwakabva mukutsenga kwakaoma kwaaiita uye akapwanya chikafu asati amedza. Muchina uyu wakanga wakasiyana chaizvo nedzimwe mhuka dzepanguva yacho. Mukuwedzera, yaitora zvokudya nenhengo yakaita somuromo uye yaigona kuchengeta zvokudya mumuromo mayo. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana nematama ezvidyarwa, izvo zvaidzivirira miriwo kubva pakudonha. Uye nekuda kwehukuru hwayo zvinotendwa izvozvo Yaigona kusvika pakudya kwayo kusvika pamamita mana kuenda mudenga.
Robert Thomas Bakker, weAmerica ane mukurumbira we paleontologist, akabatira pamwe mukukudziridzwa kwedzidziso nemipiro mikuru mukunzwisiswa kwemadinosaur. Imwe yacho, iyo inoreva Parasaurolophus, inoratidza izvozvo muromo waro nhete welambeosaurine ungadai wakauita kuti dzisarudze pakudya. Pane zvinopesana, ma hadrosaurines akanga akafara, pasina ichi chinodiwa pakusarudza zvokudya.
Parasaurolophus curiosities
- Inofungidzirwa kuti crest yakashanduka nezera, zvepabonde uye nemhando dzayo. Hapana kubvumirana kwechokwadi pamusoro pekushanda kwayakaita, sezvo zvisaririra zvakasiyana zvikuru zvakawanikwa.
- Muromo wacho wakanga wakafanana nehwemadhadha, zvichiratidza kuti dhadha racho rinogona kunge raidya chaizvo.
- Madhipoziti akawanikwa anobva kuCanada neUnited States.
- Pakuvhuvhuta zvine simba, mhepo yaitenderera nemukati memakamuri uye yaiita semutsindo mukuru.
- Achishandisa komputa modhi yeyakanyatsochengetedzwa crest yeParasaurolophus Tubicen, akaratidza kuti manzwi angadai akagadzirwa pa30 Hz.
- Nekuda kwezvisaririra zvakawanikwa zviri muchimiro chakanaka, zvakaonekwa kuti nzeve dzemukati dzavaive nadzo dzaive dzakasimba uye dzakasimba zvakanyanya.
- Zviratidzo zvakawanikwa zvinoratidzika zvinoratidza kuti crest, kwete chete kubvumira ruzha, asi yakashandawo kuziva nhengo dzepakiti.
- Wheeler akakurudzira muna 1978 tsananguro yekuti iyo crest ingadai yakashanda sei se thermoregulation nekubatsira kutonhora huropi.