Iyo Pteranodon yaive imwe yezvaizivikanwa zvinobhururuka zvinokambaira zvaivepo muLate Cretaceous period. Vakararama pakati pemakore 85 ne88 mamiriyoni apfuura, uye ndeye pterosaur genus pteranodontid. Kugoverwa kwayo kwenzvimbo kwaive kuNorth America, ichitora matunhu ari Alabama, Wyoming, Nebraska, South Dakota neKansas. Kunze kwePteranodon anopfuura 1.200 marangwanda akawanikwa, vazhinji vavo vari mumamiriro akanaka. Pfungwa yatiinayo nhasi ndeye fungidziro yekutenda kune zvisaririra zvakawanikwa.
Pasinei nekufunga nezvePteranodon sedhinasori, chokwadi ndechekuti yakanga isiri. Vaive veimwe hanzvadzi clade kune dinosaurs, iyo Avemetatatarsalia., uko madhinosaur aiva emapoka eSaurischia neOrnithischia. Kwete nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, ivo vanga vasina mukurumbira, kubva pakati peruzhinji, ivo vanozivikanwa, kunyanya semugumisiro wekuchinja kwemafirimu uko kunosanganisira Pteranodons mukati menyika ye dinosaurs. Nekuda kwekuve mhuka yakatsakatika, uye kugara pamwe chete nemadinosaur, isu tichataura nezvavo. Dzose dzadzo ndege, kudya, morphology, dehenya uye curiosities.
Pteranodon Anatomy
Pasinei nekuziva zvakanyanya morphology yePteranodon, uye kuti skeletons makuru akawanikwa akaratidzwa kureba kusvika kupfuura 7 metres, hapana kubvumirana zvachose pamusoro pehuremu. Kune rimwe divi, zvinozivikanwa kuti iyo Pteranodon yakawanikwa yakura uye muchikamu chevakuru yaizomiririra varume. Dzese, dzine macrest akakurisa uye ma pelvis akatetepa. Muvakadzi, kune rumwe rutivi, macrests aive madiki, kungofanana nehukuru hwawo, uye chiuno chakafara zvechokwadi chaifarirwa nekukandira mazai. Zvisinei, uremu hwayo, chikuru chisingazivikanwi, chinoratidza izvozvo iri pakati pe20 ne90 kilos, kunyange zvazvo kubvumirana kwekupedzisira kunongoratidza huremu hwepakati. Dambudziko rinobva pakuti hakuna mhuka yemazuva ano, kana zviremwaremwa kana shiri, zvinogona kufanana nePteranodon muchimiro uye chimiro.
De Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzePteranodon dzinozivikanwa pane kuwanda kukuru, kune mamwe anoshanda uye anonyatsozivikanwa akadai saP. Longiceps, P. Stembergi, uyezve nhevedzano refu yemamwe marudzi uye mamwe asiri kushandiswa kana kuti asina kunyatsojeka.
dehenya necrest
Dehenya rePteranodon rakanga rakaoma zvikuru. Kusiyana nemamwe mapterosaurs ekutanga sePterodactyl, iyo Pteranodon yakanga ine shaya isina mazino. Muromo waro wakaumbwa nepfupa rakasimba kumacheto kwaro, uye wakanga wakareba zvikuru uye wakagumira papfundo. Rushaya rwayo rwepamusoro rwakanga rwakareba kupfuura rwezasi. Uye chikamu chinomiririra chedehenya mumuenzaniso uyu chaive chakareba uye chakadudzwa crest, anenge 80 centimita paavhareji. Rutivi rwayo rwakabva pakuona kwemapfupa epamberi aimhanya achikwira nekudzoka kubva padehenya. Kureba kwayo kwakasiyana zvichienderana nezera, murume kana mukadzi uye marudzi. Anenge kureba kweavhareji yedehenya rake kwaiva mamita 1.
Zvokudya
Chikafu chikuru chepteranodon yaive hove., sezvo mapfupa ehove akaumbwa akawanikwa munzvimbo yemudumbu uye zvimedu zvezvikero zvakatevedza torso yezvienzaniso zvakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti yaivhimawo mhuka dzisina mapfupa.
Pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti ichi chikara chinobhururuka chairedza nokunyika muromo waro wakareba mumvura nokuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichibva papfungwa yokutanga yokuti chaisagona kusimuka kubva mumvura. Zvisinei, muna 1994, mutsvakurudzi Bennett akacherechedza kusimba kwakasimba kwepteranodon musoro, mutsipa, uye mapfudzi, zvichiita kuti pave nedzidziso itsva iyo inogona. akakwanisa kusimuka kubva mumvura uye nokudaro akanyura mairi kuti aradze paaituhwina. Chaizvoizvo iyo inofanirwa kupeta mapapiro ayo kumashure, sezvakangoita mageneti emazuva ano.
Vanamazvikokota vanofunga kuti hadzi diki yerudzi urwu yaikwanisa kusvika pakadzika zvishoma 80cm nemuromo wayo, ichiyangarara pamusoro.
Kubhururuka kwePteranodon
Kubhururuka kwamambo wedenga uyu ndiko kunofanirwa kudaro inofananidzwa neiyo albatross yedu:
- Chimiro chebapiro chakada kufanana (span to chord kureba i9:1 yePteranodon uye 8:1 yealbatross).
- Vese vari vaviri vatengesi vehove, saka zvirokwazvo Pteranodon yakashandisa nzira imwechete yekubhururuka neiyo albatross, inonzi "dynamic glide«, izvo zvinosanganisira kutora mukana wekumhanya kwemhepo yakaderera pamusoro pegungwa kuti ugone kufamba nzendo refu pasina kubhururuka kana kuve nekudikanwa kwekushandisa mhepo inopisa.
Zvingangodaro, kubhururuka kwePteranodon kwainyanya kutsamira, sezvinowanzoitika mushiri dzegungwa dzine mapapiro marefu, zvisinei zvinofungidzirwa kuti. yakashandisawo kumhanya kwemapapiro uye nekudaro maitiro anoshanda ekubhururuka. Iyi dzidziso yekupedzisira inotsigirwa nemapapiro ekurodha zvidzidzo zvakaitwa pamhando iyi, iyo inosanganisira kuyera simba remapapiro maererano nehuremu hwemuviri, kurasa pfungwa yekutanga yekuti mapapiro ayo aive akakura zvekuti aigona kungotsvedza.
Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti, semapterosaur mazhinji, Pteranodon yakasimuka nekutora quadrupedal stance uye ichizvifambisa nekusvetuka nekukurumidza.
Curiosities
- Pteranodon inoonekwa mumafirimu akasiyana-siyana, akadai se "In Search of the Enchanted Valley", firimu remifananidzo yevana. Zvino mune vamwe vakaita seJurassic Park III, uko pamwe chete neSpinosaurus ndiwo madhinosaurs maviri makuru.
- Pteranodon zvinoreva "bapiro risina mazino" muchiLatin.
- Zvinotendwa kuti Pteranodon yakapedza chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwayo mumhepo, uye yakaita izvi nekumhanya kwe 25km/h sezvo yainyanya kutsaurirwa kubhururuka.
- Pashure pefungidziro dzakasiana-siana dzakamutswa muzana rose ramakore rechi XNUMX, zvinodavirwa kuti basa recrest raingove bonde chete. Mazhinji edzidziso dzaive dzafambiswa mberi kune mamwe mashandisirwo, senge counterweight kana "rudder," dzakazoraswa.
- Zvisaririra zvekutanga zvakawanikwa zvakawanikwa muna 1870 naOthniel Charles Marsh, muKansas.
- Kune anopfuura makumi matatu anozivikanwa marudzi ePteranodon, mamwe acho akaiswa muclass uye mamwe asina kunyatsosimbiswa.