I-Liopleurodon yayingesinye sezilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle ezazihlala e-Middle Jurassic kuya enkathini ye-Late Jurassic, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-160 ne-155 yezigidi edlule, ezilwandle zaseYurophu. Kufanele uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwalolu hlobo lungafinyelela kumamitha angu-6,39 ubude. Lesi silwane esizidlayo sasemanzini kwakungeye-Pliosauroidea, okuyiqembu lama-plesiosaurs anentamo emfushane. Igama layo, elisuka kuLatini, lisho "amazinyo abushelelezi emaceleni."
Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwe-Liopleurodon kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwayo: i-Liopleurodon ferox, eyayinkulu kuzo zombili, kanye ne-Liopleurodon pachydeirus, engavamile kuneyokuqala. Izinsalela zalesi silwane zatholakala ikakhulukazi eFrance, eJalimane naseNgilandi. Njengamanje, amathambo aphelele atholakala kulolu hlobo ayingxenye ye-Liopleurodon ferox.
Ukutholwa kwe-Liopleurodon
Ngo-1873, u-Henri-Émile Sauvage waqamba lolu hlobo lwe-Liopleurodon ngemuva kokutholakala kwe amazinyo amathathu anobukhulu obungamamilimitha angama-70. Ngalinye lalawa mazinyo atholakala e-France futhi ngokuhlukana kwawo, ngakho ekuqaleni ayenikezwe izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-Liopleurodon, okuwukuphela kwento esebenzayo ekugcineni kube yileyo ye-Liopleurodon ferox.
Izinsalela zezilwane ezidla ezinye zasemanzini kusukela ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi seJurassic zatholakala eVolga Beds, eRussia. Ngo-1948, uNovozhilov wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Liopleurodon rossicus futhi wayichaza njengengxenye yomndeni wakwaPliosaur. Nokho, ikuhlobo lwe-Strongylokroptaphus.
Incazelo ye-Liopleurodon
Njengamanye ama-plesiosaurs, I-Liopleurodon yayinamaphiko amane aqinile. Ngazo yayiqhutshwa emanzini, ngokungafani nezinye izibankwakazi zasolwandle ezazikwazi ukwenza ngomsila, njenge-Ichtyhosaurus. Kwenziwa ucwaningo ngerobhothi mayelana nendlela yokubhukuda yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Lona ubonise ukuthi lena akuyona indlela ephumelela kakhulu, kodwa inikeza ukusheshisa okuhle kakhulu. Ukuba isilwane esizingelayo sasolwandle, lokhu kwakuyisici esifiseleka kakhulu kuye. Kwenziwa nocwaningo ogebhezini lwalesi silwane esihuquzelayo sasemanzini esinamandla. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi yayinamakhala eyayingathola ngawo umsuka wephunga elithile.
Tamaño
Kuze kube namuhla, ubukhulu obukhulu be-Liopleurodon buhlala buyinkinga. I-paleontologist u-LB Tarlo ukholelwa ukuthi ubude be-pliosaur, kuhlanganise ne-Liopleurodon, bungalinganiselwa kusukela kubude bogebhezi lwekhanda. Ngokusho kwakhe, ugebhezi lwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini lulingana nengxenye yesikhombisa yobude bomzimba wonke. Ugebhezi olude kunawo wonke olutholakala lwe-L. ferox lunobude obungamamitha angu-1,54. Ngokombono ka-LB Tarlo, isilwane kumele ngabe silinganiselwa kumamitha angu-10,5 ubude. Kodwa-ke, okutholakele mayelana ne-Kronosaurus, olunye uhlobo lwama-Pliosaurs, kubeka ukungabaza ngokunemba kwendlela ka-LB Tarlo.
Uphenyo olwengeziwe lwe-pliosaur anatomy luholele esiphethweni sokuthi ama-skulls ayeyingxenye eyodwa kuphela kwesihlanu yobude bomzimba wesilwane. Uhlaka lwamathambo olugcinwe kahle lwe-L. ferox luboniswa kumnyuziyamu we-geology kanye ne-paleontology e-University of Tübingen eJalimane. Lesi sifanekiso sinobude obucishe bube ngamamitha angu-4,5. Esinye isifanekiso esidala salolu hlobo lwezilwane, esivela ku-Oxford Clay Formation eduze kwase-Peterborough eNgilandi, sinogebhezi lobude obungamamitha angu-1,26 futhi ubude baso buphelele bucatshangwa ukuthi bungamamitha angu-6,39. Ngakho-ke, i-Liopleurodon ferox endala kucatshangwa ukuthi ibe nobude obuphelele obungamamitha angu-5–7.
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Izinsalela ezibonisa intela cishe engaphezu kwamamitha angu-15 ubude zitholwe eKimmeridge Clay Formation eNgilandi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifanekiso asizange sabelwe njengesohlobo lwe-Liopleurodon.
Kunesinye isifanekiso esingaphelele esiboniswe e-Oxford University Museum of Natural History eNgilandi. Umhlathi walokhu unobude obungamamitha angu-2,8. Noma kunjalo, umhlathi kufanele ulinganise ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Ekuqaleni lesi sifanekiso sasinikezwe uhlobo lwe-Stretosaurus, njenge-Stretosaurus macromerus. Nokho, namuhla ibhekwa njengengxenye yohlobo lwe-Liopleurodon futhi yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Liopleurodon macromerus. Kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Pliosaurus macromerus. Mayelana nohlobo lwe-Stretosaurus, okwamanje ithathwa njengegama elifanayo elincane le-Liopleurodon.
I-Liopleurodon curiosities
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Ngonyaka we-1999, i-Liopleurodon ibe nokuvela esiqeshini se-miniseries "Ukuhamba nama-dinosaurs", evela ku-BBC. Lapho libonakala njengesilwane esizingelayo esikhulu esinobude obungamamitha angu-25. Lesi sici asihambisani nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Liopleurodon. Leli phutha kungenzeka ukuthi lithonywe ukutholwa okuningi kwama-Pliosaur amakhulu kakhulu, njenge-"Arramberi Monster". Kucatshangelwa ukuthi le dinosaur inobude obufika kumamitha ayi-18. Naphezu kokufana okuthile ne-Liopleurodon, izinsalela ezitholakele ze-"Arramberi Monster" azanele ukukuchaza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.