Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, uMary Anning wathola i-fossil yokuqala ephelele eNgilandi: leyo ye-Ichthyosaurus. Naphezu kokufana kwayo namahlengethwa amanje, kwakungesona isilwane esincelisayo, kodwa isilwane esihuquzelayo sasemanzini esingasekho. eyayihlala emanzini aseYurophu asuka eBelgium, eSwitzerland naseNgilandi. Indawo yayo yemvelo kufanele kube ulwandle oluvulekile. Yayikhona ekupheleni kwe-Triassic futhi yashabalala ekuqaleni kweJurassic, phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-200 nezingu-185 zeminyaka edlule.
Igama lale dinosaur yasemanzini, "Ichthyosaurus", livela esiGrekini. Igama elithi "ichtyhis" lisho "inhlanzi", kanti igama elithi "saurus" lisho "isibankwa", ngakho igama laso lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "i-lizard fish".
Incazelo ye-Ichthyosaurus
ichthyosaurus Ingakala cishe ngamamitha amabili ubude futhi ibe ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-50 ukuphakama, ngaleyo ndlela ingenye yezibankwakazi ezincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezihlobo zayo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi isisindo salo sasicishe sibe ngamakhilogremu angama-90, sifana nebhere lesimanje laseMelika. Endaweni yaseJalimane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Holzmaden, amadwala e-Jurassic atholakala enamatshe amaningi, uma kungewona amakhulu ezinsalela zalolu hlobo. Lawa mathambo ezinsalela ayegcinwe kahle kakhulu, amanye amathambo aze achazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela zamathambo zatholakala zinezibonelo zokuchanyuselwa ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu okutholakele, kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izici zomzimba kanye nezici zokuziphatha i-Ichthyosaurus eyayinazo. Lezi zici azigcini nje kuphela kule dinosaur, kodwa zenzeke nakwezinye izinhlobo ze-ichthyosaur ezifana nohlobo oluhlobene lwe-Stenopterygius.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/extincion-de-los-dinosaurs/»]
Lesi sibankwa sasemanzini sasinephiko eliyinyama kakhulu emhlane walo kanye nephiko elikhulu kakhulu le-caudal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayinamaphiko amabili angaphambili namaphiko amabili angemuva, cishe ukuze igcine inkambo yayo futhi ilinganisele olwandle oluvulekile. Lezi zici zomzimba zaziwa ngokuqinisekile namuhla ngenxa yezinsalela zaseJalimane ezibonisa ngisho nohlaka lwesikhumba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi angafinyelela isivinini esingu-45km/h emanzini, enyakazisa umsila ngapha nangapha.
Njengoba amathambo endlebe e-Ichthyosaurus ayeqinile impela, kucatshangwa ukuthi idlulisela ukundindizela kwamanzi endlebeni yangaphakathi. Njengoba lesi sici sibonakale singasizi ngalutho kulesi silwane, sagcina sesinyamalala kuma-ichthyosaur akamuva. Nokho, kucatshangelwa ukuthi umqondo owawumsiza kakhulu lapho edla kwakuwukubona, njengoba inamehlo amakhulu kakhulu futhi azwelayo ayevikelwe amathambo. Amakhala ayesondelene kakhulu namehlo, okwakungenza kube lula ukuthi abambe umoya phezulu.
ukudla
Ngemva kokutholakala kwendle enezinsalela, ebizwa nangokuthi ama-coprolites, kwatholakala ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuthi le dinosaur. babedla kakhulu izinhlanzi nezingwane. I-Ichthyosaurus yayinekhala elide kakhulu eyayibamba ngalo izisulu zayo futhi izibambe ngamazinyo ayo abukhali. Naphezu kokuba isilwane esesabekayo sezinhlanzi eziningi, naye ngokwakhe angaba isisulu oshaka namanye ama-ichthyosaur amakhudlwana, njenge-Temnodontosaurus, lapho kutholwe khona izinsalela zamaphuphu e-Ichthyosaurus phakathi kwezimbambo zawo ezinkulu.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ichthyosaurus
Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi, njengezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini, i-Ichtyhosaurus izalela amaqanda ayo emhlabathini. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kwatholakala amathambo ezinsalela zalesi sibankwa sasemanzini anezibonelo zamaphuphu asanda kwakheka ezibelethweni zawo. Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-dinosaurs ayenezinga elihle kakhulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi angabhekwa njengezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic, okusho ukuthi awazange abuyele ezweni. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholakala kuyaziwa ukuthi i-ichthyosaurus yayiyi-viviparous. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Izilwane ezine-Viviparous yilezo ezinombungu wazo okhula esibelethweni sensikazi. Lapho, ngemva kokuvundiswa, ithola umoya-mpilo nokudla ekudingayo ukuze ikhule futhi ithuthukise izitho zayo kuze kube yilapho izalwa. Lesi simo senzeka cishe kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Amaphuphu e-Ichthyosaurus akhiphe imisila yawo kuqala ukuze agweme ukuminza ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
Nokho, ukuzalwa komntwana kuhlala kunezingozi. Esithombeni esingezansi sibona uhlaka lwamathambo ezinto eziphilayo ezivezwe emnyuziyamu wesayensi yemvelo e-Stuttgart, eJalimane. Lona wesifazane wafa ngaphambi nje noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngemva kokufa kwayo, elinye lamazinyane laxoshwa amagesi abolayo, futhi amathambo amathathu amancane asavulwe esibelethweni sikanina.
Ezinye izinkolelo zithi i-Ichthyosaurus yayiyi-ovoviviparous. Lokhu kusho ukuthi insikazi yakhiqiza amaqanda esibelethweni sayo, futhi avuleka ngaphakathi kwayo, inqubo efana neyoshaka bamanje. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Ichthyosaurus ekhulelwe yayifuna izindawo ezingajulile zokubeletha. Ngakho, imidlwane esanda kuzalwa yayikwazi ukufika ngokushesha phezulu ukuze ibambe umoya. Kuze kube manje kubalwe lokho wayengazala imidlwane efika eshumini nanye.