Nangona iidayinaso zizintlobo zaphela ngokupheleleyo, kuye kwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke ulwazi olukhulu ngazo ngenxa yeerekhodi ezahlukeneyo zefosili. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo I-Brontosaurus. Yidayinaso eyenye eyaziwa kakhulu namhlanje. Ikwiqela leesauropods eziyinxalenye yeDiplodocidae. Igama layo livela kwisiLatini kwaye kufuneka lithethe indudumo. Eli gama libhekisa kwinkangeleko yalo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwiBrontosaurus.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ludidi lwedayinaso ubude bayo babu phakathi kwama-20 nama-25 eemitha ubude. Basenokude babe nobunzima obungaphezu kweetoni ezili-15 ngokuba nobukhulu nobu bunzima. Yaphuhliswa ngexesha le-Upper Jurassic. Oku kumalunga ne-150 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ifunyenwe kwindawo yase-United States. Ifana kakhulu neApatosaurus, ayizange ithathwe njengeBrontosaurus kwaye yabizwa Iapatosaurus ihamba phambili. Sele kusemva konyaka we-2015 apho isifundo esineenkcukacha kakhulu sanikezelwa ngophando olukhulu ngasemva ukuze luqwalaselwe kwakhona njengeBrontosaurus.
Sesinye sezona zilwanyana zikhulu eziye zahlala kwiplanethi yethu yonke kwi-terrestrial sphere. Ibe yenye yezona quadrupeds zikhulu kwezakha zakho. Yayibizwa ngegama lika iindudumo zecikilishe ukusukela oko umhlaba wawuhamba xa wawuhamba ngenxa yobunzima bawo. Imilenze yayinobunzima obungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-200 ngamnye kubo ekubeni kwakufuneka amalungu aqinileyo ukuze akwazi ukuthwala bonke ubunzima bomzimba uphela. Yaziwa ngokuba nentamo nomsila omde ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nokuzinzisa ukuma. Umsila wayo wawumile okwesabhokhwe kwaye wawunceda kungekuphela nje ukuhlala uzinzile, kodwa nokuzikhusela kwiintshaba zayo.
Yayingezozilwanyana ezikrelekrele kodwa zikwazile ukuphila ixesha elide ngenxa yobukhulu bazo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwabo lomzimba. Imilenze yayo yangasemva ibinde kunemilenze yangaphambili, nangona kungekho neon ishiyekileyo ifunyenweyo ukuyiphonononga. Kucingelwa ukuba iyafana naleyo Apatosaurus Louisae ezinevertebrae kumacala omabini. Ezi vertebrae zisebenza ukugcina intamo inde kwaye ibanzi. Ezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo kwiqela le-sauropod. Nangona umsila wayo wawumde kodwa wawubhityile. Iimbambo bezinde kwaye inamathambo omelele kunye namalungu.
Into eyayibalaseliswa yimilenze yayo. Babenozipho lwangaphambili kuphela. Kwaye kukuba abazange basebenzise imilenze yabo ukuzikhusela ekubeni babenzima kakhulu. Kwinxalenye yoonobumba babeneenzipho ezimilise okweminwe emithathu.
Ukwahlula kunye nokuhlelwa kweBrontosaurus
Imbali yamandulo IiSauropods zazicingelwa ukuba zizilwanyana ezinkulu kangangokuba zazingenako ukuxhasa ubunzima bazo. Esi sisizathu sokuba kwakucingelwa ukuba indawo yabo yokuhlala yendalo yayiziindawo apho banokuntywiliselwa okanye ngamanzi. Umzekelo, kwimigxobhozo zinokuntywiliselwa emanzini ukuze zixhase ngcono ubunzima bazo ngenxa yokuxinana kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweziphumo ezininzi ezifunyenwe kwizifundo ezilandelayo, obu bungqina buye balahlwa kwaye kukholelwa ukuba yayizizilwanyana ezisemhlabeni ngokupheleleyo.
Iintamo zabo ezinde zaziwavumela ukuba athabathe ukutya kweyona mithi mide. Kwezinye iimeko, kuchazwe izizathu ezenza kube lula ukwazi ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhambisa intamo ngokulula. Noko ke, kamva kwaziwa ukuba zazibhetyebhetye kakhulu iintamo. Kukwacingelwa ukuba yayizizilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukubaleka phakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 nezingama-40 ngosuku, zibaleka ukuya kufika kwisantya seekhilomitha ezingama-30 ngeyure. Oku akukho ngqiqweni ukwazi oko Banobunzima obuziitoni ezili-15 kodwa ekubeni bebakhudlwana, bawugubungela umgama ngesantya esikhawulezayo.
Babengenazo izihlunu ezininzi kwaye imikhondo yabo ibingasebenzi kakuhle xa kujongwa ubunzima babo. Ngoko ke, yayingezona dinosaur zikhawulezayo ezazikho. Uzipho ababenalo ngaphambili emlenzeni kucingelwa ukuba lolokuzikhusela, nangona belusebenzisele ukondla. Ukukhusela umsila kwasetyenziswa.
Ukutya kweBrontosaurus
Ngokuphathelele ukutya, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukutya bekucingelwa ukuba kubi kakhulu ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lwenziwa kunye ne-paleontologists yaseJamani kwakunokwenzeka ukwazi ukuba amathumbu anobukhulu obukhulu bokukwazi ukucubungula konke ukutya. Itya kakhulu kwimithi eluhlaza kunye neeferns ukwenza ukutya okunesondlo. Yayizizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Kwezinye iimeko, imizekelo ifunyenwe ukuba Zazingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-40 ubude yaye zazinobunzima obuziitoni ezili-100.
Izigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha apho kwakuhlala iBrontosaurus, kwakukho inkitha yemithi yeqela leeconifers, iiferns, kunye nezinye izityalo ezineempawu ezifanayo. Kwaye iintyatyambo zangoku zazingekanwenwa kwihlabathi lonke. Ngoko, ukutya kweBrontosaurus kusekelwe ikakhulu kolu hlobo lwemifuno. Siyazi ukuba okwangoku akukho zilwanyana zitya le mithi, yiyo loo nto zingathathwa njengomthombo wokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yophando kunye noyilo lwamathumbu enziwe ngokwenziwa, kwakunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba yayizizityalo ezinomsoco ngokwenene.
Ngezinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo kwaziwa ukuba i-conifers kunye neefern zinokubonelela ngamandla afanayo okanye nangaphezulu kwengca yangoku. Ezi zilwanyana zikwazile ukusinda kwaye zifikelele kubukhulu obukhulu ngenxa yokuba zichitha imini yonke zisitya. Ngelo xesha yayikuphela kokutya okwakufumaneka. Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba imetabolism yeBrontosaurus ifana kakhulu neyeendlovu zanamhlanje. Ekubeni wayetyebile, kwafuneka adle isixa sendlovu ephindwe ngo-4. Kwizilwanyana zangoku oku kunokuthetha ingxaki, kodwa kungekhona kwiBrontosaurus, ekubeni babengakuhlafuni ukutya kwabo. Ngale ndlela wayekwazi ukuginya ukutya okuninzi.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokuhambisa
Kucingelwa ukuba ezi zilwanyana beziphila malunga ne-150 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngokukodwa ngexesha leJurassic ephezulur. Kwindawo apho baphuhliswa khona kuMntla Merika, ngokukodwa kwi-Morrison formation.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neBrontosaurus kunye neempawu zayo.