Abaninzi bayazi namhlanje ingcamango yokuba iidinosaur zazivelela zaba ziintaka. Kubhekiselwa kuyo "kwiJurassic Park" saga, kwiingxelo kunye nakwiimyuziyam. Izazinzulu ezininzi kunye neengcali zamandulo ziye zazama ukufumana indaleko yezi zirhubuluzi zinkulu zingasekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku yonke into ibonakala ibonisa ukuba le ngcamango iyinyani ngenxa yeedinosaurs ezinentsiba.
Iidayinaso ezineentsiba luhlobo lwenguqu phakathi kweedinosaurs kunye neentaka zanamhlanje. Ithiyori yokuba iintaka zehla kwi-theropod dinosaurs sele ikhona iminyaka emininzi. Iintaka zamandulo, njengeArcheopteryx, zininzi izinto ezifana ngazo nezirhubuluzi, njengeenzipho, iminwe namazinyo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-90, kwafunyanwa iidayinaso ezininzi ezineentsiba eTshayina. Obu yayibubungqina obubambekayo bobudlelwane phakathi kweedinosaur neentaka. Nangona kunjalo, iinkcukacha zemilibo yokuzalwa zihlala zikwimeko yokusombulula.
Imbali yeedayinaso ezineentsiba
Namhlanje kukho ubungqina obuninzi besayensi obuqinisekisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweentaka kunye needinosaurs. Ukufana kwabo kwinqanaba le-morphological kuphawuleka kakhulu. Imilenze, iziphelo eziphezulu, ukhakhayi kunye ne-hip zifana kakhulu. Iintaka zanamhlanje ziyi-monophyletic, oko kukuthi: Zonke iintlobo zeli qela zineqela leminyanya efanayo. Izilwanyana zokuqala zezinyanya zeentaka zivela kwixesha leJurassic.
Ngo-2017, i-paleontologists uNorman, uBarrett, kunye noBaron bapapasha ukuba iintsiba okanye izakhiwo ezifanayo zinokuba zivela kukhokho oqhelekileyo we-Ornithoscelida. Liqela leedinosaurs ezibandakanya i-theropods kunye ne-ornithischians. Ngamanqwanqwa amabini kuphela anobukho beentsiba. Iintsiba zisenokuba zikhule ngokwamaqela angaphambili. Olu qikelelo lubangelwa ziipycnofibers ezifunyenwe kwiipterosaurs. Ukongeza, iicrocodilians nazo zine-beta-keratin efana naleyo yeentaka zanamhlanje.
Ukufana phakathi kweeDinosaurs ezinentsiba kunye neeNyoni zanamhlanje
Kwakhona, isikhundla ngexesha lokulala kunye nentliziyo nazo zifana kakhulu. Ngonyaka wama-2000, kwenziwa uhlalutyo lwemingxuma yepectoral yezinye iidinosaurs. Ngokusebenzisa i-tomography kuye kwabonakala ukuba iintliziyo zinemingxuma emine, efana kakhulu nezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka. Ifosili yeTroodon eyayilele ngendlela efana nentaka isandul’ ukufunyanwa. Wayefihle intloko yakhe phantsi kweengalo zakhe ukuze agcine ubushushu becranial.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/microraptor/»]
Okunye ukufana okukhoyo phakathi kweedinosaur ezineentsiba neentaka kukutya kwamatye. Yindlela yokwetyisa enceda ukutyumza imicu xa ingena esiswini. La matye afunyanwa kwiifosili abizwa ngokuba yi-gastroliths. Ngombulelo kula matye afakwe kwiidinosaurs, i-paleontologists iye yakwazi ukuseka iindlela zokufuduka kwezi zilwanyana. Ukwenzela oku, uphononongo lokwakheka komhlaba kuye kwafuneka ukuba lwenziwe.
Iiplamu
Ngo-1861 kwafunyanwa idayinaso yokuqala eneentsiba: Archeopteryx. Le ntaka yamandulo ngumzekelo ocacileyo wefom yenguqu phakathi kweedinosaurs kunye neentaka kwaye uneempawu zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo neentaka. Ukufunyanwa kwayo kwenzeka emva kokuba uCharles Darwin epapashe incwadi ethi “On the Origin of Species” yaye uyixhasa ngamandla ingcamango yakhe yendaleko. IArcheopteryx ngokwasemzimbeni ifana ngokusondeleyo nedayinaso eqhelekileyo. Kangangokuba abantu abangenazo iimpawu zefosili babhideka nesampulu yeCompsognathus.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-90s, zininzi iidayinaso ezineentsiba ezifunyenweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iifosili ezininzi ezifunyenweyo zineentsiba ezingafaniyo nezentaka, kodwa zikhangeleka njengomxube ophakathi kweenwele neentsiba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kucingelwa ukuba babeluncedo kakhulu ukuzigquma kubanda. Olu hlobo lweentsiba lubizwa ngokuba yi "protofeather". Igqalwa njengezandulela iintsiba zeentaka zale mihla.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/arqueopterix/»]
Ngokukodwa kwi-dromaeosaurids kubonakala ngathi ukugquma kweentsiba kwakuxhaphake kakhulu. Iintsiba zayo zazintsonkothe ngendlela emangalisayo. Kwakhona, kule ntsapho kukho iMicroraptor. Iingcali ezininzi zicinga ukuba le dayinaso isenokuba ikwazile ukutyibilika.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
I-Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton isandula ukufunyanwa, ivumela izazinzulu ukuba ziseke isini sedayinaso okokuqala. Emva kokubeka amaqanda azo, iimazi zeentaka zanamhlanje zifumana izicubu ezikhethekileyo zamathambo kumalungu azo. Eli thambo laziwa ngokuba yi "medullary bone." Ubutyebi bekhalsiyam, busebenza ekudaleni iqokobhe leqanda. Olu hlobo lwethambo lwafunyanwa kumongo weTyrannosaurus Rex, ngaloo ndlela ukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yayingumfazi. Ngaphezu koko, ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuba iidinosaur zisebenzisa iindlela zokuzala ezifana kakhulu neentaka.
Umnxeba
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezu kwekhulu iimpawu ezifanayo ze-anatomical ziye zachongwa kumathambo e-maniraptor theropods kunye nalawo eentaka zanamhlanje. Ngoko ke bamkelwa njengezona zalamane zabo zisondeleyo kunye nabanduleli. Phakathi kwezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo zi-pubis, intamo, amahlombe amagxa, izihlahla, iindawo eziphezulu, amathambo e-pectoral, kunye ne-cerci. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphawulekayo yi-furcula. Lithambo elifunyenwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-clavicles zombini. Yohlukile kwiintaka kunye ne-theropods.
Zonke ezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo zingqina ukuba iidinosaur zazingookhokho beentaka. Ngenxa yoku bahamba inkqubo ende yohlengahlengiso lwe-physiological and anatomical. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-flight evolution ihleli ingumba onzima. Iingcali ziyaqhubeka zixoxa malunga nokuba oku kubangelwa ziimbaleki ezikhawulezayo ezisebenzisa inqwelomoya ukutshintsha umhlaba, okanye ziidinosaurs ezihlala emthini ezibhabhayo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/theropod/»]
Ukuqukumbela, kunokuthiwa inkolelo eqhelekileyo phakathi kweengcali ze-paleontologists kukuba iintaka zivela kwiidinosaurs. Noko ke, ezinye iingcali, njengesazinzulu uGregory S. Paul, ziye zavelisa enye ingcamango yeqela elithile. Umzekelo ingaba dromaeosaurids. UPawulos ucinga ukuba ezi dinosaur zazinokuhamba ngendaleko eguqukayo, oko kukuthi: ukusuka kwiintaka. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba baye baphulukana namandla okubhabha kodwa nangona kunjalo bazigcina iintsiba zabo, njengeenciniba.