Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, uMary Anning wafumana ifosili yokuqala epheleleyo eNgilani: leyo ye-Ichthyosaurus. Nangona ifana nee dolphin zangoku, yayingesosilwanyana esanyisayo, kodwa sisirhubuluzi samanzi esingasekhoyo. eyayihlala emanzini aseYurophu ukusuka eBelgium, eSwitzerland naseNgilani. Indawo yayo yendalo imele ukuba lulwandle oluvulekileyo. Yayikho ekupheleni kweTriassic kwaye yaphela ekuqaleni kweJurassic, phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-185 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Igama lale dinosaur yasemanzini, "Ichthyosaurus", livela kwisiGrike. Igama elithi "ichtyhis" lithetha "intlanzi", kwaye igama elithi "saurus" lithetha "icilikishe", ngoko ke igama lalo lingaguqulelwa njenge. "intlanzi yecilikishe".
Inkcazo ye-Ichthyosaurus
ichthyosaurus Inokulinganisa malunga neemitha ezimbini ubude kunye neesentimitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama, ngaloo ndlela ibe yenye yezona dinosaur zincinane phakathi kwezalamane zayo. Kucingelwa ukuba ubunzima bayo babumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-90, bufana nebhere yaseMelika yanamhlanje. Kwindawo yaseJamani ebizwa ngokuba yiHolzmaden, amatye eJurassic afunyanwa anamaninzi, ukuba hayi amakhulu eefosili zolu hlobo. La mathambo efosili agcinwe kakuhle kakhulu, amanye amathambo aye achazwa. Ukongezelela, iifosili zafunyanwa zinemizekelo yokuqandusela ngaphakathi. Enkosi kwezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, kube nokwenzeka ukuba kufunyaniswe kakuhle kakhulu imiba yomzimba kunye neempawu zokuziphatha ezazinayo i-Ichthyosaurus. Ezi mpawu aziphelelanga kule dinaso kuphela, kodwa zenzeke nakwezinye iintlobo ze-ichthyosaur ezifana ne-genus Stenopterygius enxulumeneyo.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/extincion-de-los-dinosaurs/»]
Eli cikilishe lasemanzini linephiko eliyinyama kakhulu emqolo kunye nephiko elikhulu kakhulu lecaudal. Ukongezelela, yayinamaphiko amabini angaphambili namaphiko amabini angasemva, mhlawumbi ukuze igcine indlela yayo yaye ilungelelene kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Ezi mpawu zomzimba zaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo namhlanje ngenxa yeefosili zaseJamani ezibonisa nolusu. Ngaphandle koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba angafikelela kwisantya esingama-45km/h emanzini, ukuhambisa umsila ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye.
Ekubeni amathambo endlebe e-Ichthyosaurus ayeqinile, kucingelwa ukuba idlulisele ukungcangcazela kwamanzi kwindlebe yangaphakathi. Ekubeni olu phawu luye lwabonakala lungenamsebenzi kwesi silwanyana, lwaphela ngokunyamalala kwi-ichthyosaurs kamva. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba eyona nto yayimnceda kakhulu xa esitya kukubona, ekubeni yayinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu nabuthathaka awayekhuselwe ngamacwecwe angamathambo. Iimpumlo zazisondele kakhulu emehlweni, nto leyo eyayinokwenza kube lula ukuba ibambe umoya ngaphezulu.
Ukutya
Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe ilindle lefosili, ekwabizwa ngokuba yicoprolites, kwafunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le dayinaso. idla ngokutya intlanzi kunye neskwidi. I-Ichthyosaurus yayinempumlo ende kakhulu eyayibamba ngayo amaxhoba ayo ize iwabambe ngamazinyo ayo abukhali. Ngaphandle kokuba sisidlwengu esoyikekayo kwiintlanzi ezininzi, naye wayenokuba lixhoba kookrebe kunye nezinye iichthyosaurs ezinkulu, ezifana neTemnodontosaurus, apho iintsalela ze-Ichthyosaurus hatchlings zifunyenwe phakathi kweembambo zayo ezinkulu.
Ukumitha kwe-Ichthyosaurus
Ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba, njengezinye izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo zasemanzini, i-Ichtyhosaurus izalela amaqanda ayo emhlabeni. Njengoko sele sikhankanyile, kwafunyanwa amathambo efosili yeli cilikishe lasemanzini anemizekelo yamantshontsho aqanduselweyo asele eyilwe ezibelekweni zawo. Ngoko ke, ezi dinosaur zinezinga elihle kakhulu lokuziqhelanisa kwaye zinokuthi zithathwe njengezidalwa ze-pelagic, oku kuthetha ukuba abazange babuyele emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoku kubhaqwa kuyaziwa ukuba ichthyosaurus yayi viviparous. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Izilwanyana zeViviparous zezo zimbumba yazo ikhula kwisibeleko semazi. Apho, emva kokuqhama, ifumana ioksijini nokutya ekufunayo ukuze ikhule ize ikhulise amalungu ayo de ibe izalwe. Esi siganeko senzeka phantse kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kuquka nabantu. Amantshontsho e-Ichthyosaurus akhuphe imisila yawo kuqala ukuze aphephe ukurhaxwa xa ezalwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzalwa komntwana kusoloko kunengozi. Kumfanekiso ongezantsi sibona ifossil skeleton evezwe kwimyuziyam yesayensi yendalo eStuttgart, eJamani. Eli bhinqa lafa kanye ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokubeleka. Emva kokufa kwakhe, elinye lala mantshontsho lagxothwa ziigesi ezibolileyo, yaye amathambo amancinane amathathu asavumbuluka kwisibeleko sikanina.
Ezinye iingcamango zibamba ukuba i-Ichthyosaurus yayiyi-ovoviviparous. Oku kuthetha ukuba imazi yavelisa amaqanda ngaphakathi kwesibeleko sayo, yaye la maqanda avuleka ngaphakathi kuyo, inkqubo efana naleyo yookrebe bangoku. Kucingelwa ukuba i-Ichthyosaurus ekhulelweyo yayifuna iindawo ezingenzulu zokuhanjiswa. Ngaloo ndlela, iinjana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zinokukhawuleza zifike phezulu ukuze zibambe umoya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kubalwe oko wayekwazi ukuzala amantshontsho ukuya kwishumi elinanye.