I-Parasaurolophus yayiyi-herbivorous hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur eyayiphila ekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-83 kuya kwezingu-71 edlule. Idayinaso eyaziwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi indlela ugebhezi olumise okwesando oluphela ngayo. Leyo crest enayo yilapho kanye igama layo lisuselwa khona. "Ngoba" lisho ukuthi "Ndawonye" ngesiGreki, "Saurus" njengoba sesibonile kakade okusho ukuthi "Lizard", futhi ekugcineni "Lophos" okusho ukuthi "Crest". Wonke amagama akhe ndawonye angahunyushwa ngokuthi "Eduzane Ne-Crested Lizard."
Udumo lwakhe lwenzeka ngenxa yefilimu kaSteven Spielberg ka-1993 ethi Jurassic Park, njengamanye ama-dinosaurs aduma ngenxa yalo. Singathola futhi i-Parasaurolophus kwamanye amafilimu e-Disney, njenge-Fantasia noma i-Dinosaurio, kanye nakupopayi we-Pixar njengokuthi "I-Dinosaur Enhle". Noma ngisho lapha, kulesi sihloko! Ukuthi sizoyinikela ekwazini le dinosaur enelukuluku ngokuseduze, kusukela endleleni yayo yokuziphatha, ukuyazi ngokokwakheka komzimba, kanye nemibono ehlukene mayelana nomsebenzi wecrest yayo.
I-Parasaurolophus Anatomy
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kwamanye amathambo e-dinosaur, uhlaka lwamathambo e-Parasaurolophus alutholakalanga luphelele. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi kwakukhona izinhlobo ezi-3 ezihlukene, iParasaurolophus Walkeri, iTubicen, neCyrtocristatus. Empeleni, ngokwezinsalela zezinsalela zikaP. Walkeri, kubalwa lokho ubude kufanele ukuthi bube ngamamitha angu-10, nogebhezi lwekhanda lwamamitha angu-1 kuhlanganise ne-crest kanye namamitha angu-3 noma ama-4 ukuphakama. Endabeni yeTubicen, ugebhezi lukhudlwana, okuholela embonweni wokuthi umzimba nobude bawo bekungaba kukhudlwana.
Isisindo sawo silinganiselwa kumathani angu-2, futhi njengamanye ama-hadrosaurids, kukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhambe emilenzeni yomibili ye-2 kanye ne-4. Ingxenye yangaphambili eyaziwayo kuphela ifushane uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-hadrosaurids, noma kunjalo, amandla amakhulu abonwa nge-scapula emfushane kodwa ebanzi (ihlombe). blade). I-femur etholakele, evela ku-Parasaurolophus Walkeri, inobude obungamasentimitha angu-103 futhi iqinile ngobude bayo. I-Humerus ne-pelvis nayo yakhiwe ngokuqinile. Lokhu kwakheka komzimba kuholela umuntu ukuthi acabange ukuthi ukuze afune ukudla futhi adle, bekungenzeka kuyo yonke imilenze emi-4, kuyilapho ukufuduka bekuzoba no-2.
Ukuphela kwezitho zalo akukaxazululeki. Nakuba ezinye izazi ze-paleontologist ziphikisa ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayinezinselo, ezinye zisikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyizinzipho kodwa zaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinsalela zokuvela kwesikhumba zitholakele, ngakho-ke kunombono ojwayelekile ochazwe kahle kakhulu usuwonke. Babenomsila omude futhi oyisicaba, wona kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ingase isebenzise umsila wayo ukubhukuda.
I-crest evelele
Uma into ethile iyisici se-Parasaurolophus, i-crest yayo enkulu futhi ethile emise okwesando. Lokhu yakhiwe i-premaxilla nethambo lekhala futhi iphuma ngemuva kwekhanda, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni. Kuningi okucatshangelwe ngakho kanye nomsebenzi wayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uWilliam Park, owaqamba lolu hlobo lohlobo, wahlongoza ukuthi mhlawumbe kwakukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-crest nentamo ukuze kusekelwe ikhanda. Into othi uma uyicabanga, ixake. Kuphinde kwahlongozwa ukuthi ingaba neseyili yesikhumba isuka kucrest iye entanyeni.
I-crest iphinde ivezwe njengenye ye-tubular nengenalutho enezingxenye ezi-4 ezingenalutho, ezimbili ezibheke phezulu nezimbili phansi. Umsebenzi wokuqagela ebingawenza bekungaba ukwazi ukubamba umoya ngenkathi ingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kamuva nalo mbono wenqatshwa. Yiqiniso, kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi yayisetshenziselwa ukukhanga phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, mhlawumbe ukuze baxwayise ngengozi ethile, noma ukugcina izinga lokushisa lokushisa. Kuzo zonke izinkolelo-mbono, ekholeka kakhulu yileyo yokuxhumana. Izingxenye zangaphakathi ezingenalutho zeshubhu, yayingase isebenze njenge-resonator yemvelo, enomsindo wokuxhumana phakathi kohlobo lwayo.
Ukudla
Ngamazinyo angamakhulu amise okwekholomu lokho bekuzothatha indawo yalezo ebezigugile, ukudla kwaba herbivorous ngokuphelele. Yayinomlomo obanzi, oyisicaba, njengowedada. Amazinyo akhe ayegugile avela ekuhlafuneni okuyinkimbinkimbi lapho egaya khona bese echoboza ukudla ngaphambi kokukugwinya. Lo mshini wawuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izilwane ezidla uhlaza zangaleso sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayithatha ukudla okunesitho esinjengoqhwaku futhi yayikwazi ukugcina ukudla emlonyeni wayo. Okuthile okufana nezihlathi zezilwane ezidla uhlaza, okwavimbela imifino ukuba ingawi. Futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kukholakala ukuthi Yayingafinyelela ekudleni kwayo ifike kumamitha angu-4 ukuphakama.
URobert Thomas Bakker, isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo saseMelika esidumile, uye wabambisana ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono ngeqhaza elikhulu ekuqondeni ama-dinosaurs. Enye yazo, lapho ibhekisela kuParasaurolophus, ibonisa lokho uqhwaku lwayo oluwumngcingo lwe-lambeosaurine lwalungayenza ikhethe kakhulu ekudleni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-hadrosaurines ayebanzi, ngaphandle kwalesi sidingo lapho kukhethwa ukudla.
I-Parasaurolophus curiosity
- Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-crest yashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka, ubulili kanye nezinhlobo ezitholakala kuzo. Akukho ukuvumelana kwangempela ngendlela esebenza ngayo, njengoba kwatholakala izinsalela ezihluke kakhulu.
- Uqhwaku lwalufana ncamashí nowamadada, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lalidla kakhulu.
- Amadiphozithi atholakele avela eCanada nase-United States.
- Lapho uphephetha ngamandla, umoya wawuzungeza emakamelweni futhi kuzwakale njengokuhlokoma okukhulu.
- Esebenzisa imodeli yekhompyutha ye-crest egcinwe kahle ye-Parasaurolophus Tubicen, wabonisa ukuthi imisindo yayizokhiqizwa ku-30 Hz.
- Ngenxa yezinsalela zezinsalela ezitholakale zisesimweni esihle, kwatholakala ukuthi indlebe yangaphakathi ababenayo yayibukhali kakhulu futhi ithuthuke kakhulu.
- Izinkomba zitholakele ezibonakala zibonisa ukuthi i-crest, hhayi nje ukuvumela imisindo, kodwa futhi yasebenza ukukhomba amalungu ephakethe.
- U-Wheeler wahlongoza ngo-1978 incazelo yokuthi i-crest yayingasebenza kanjani njenge-thermoregulation ngokusiza ukupholisa ubuchopho.