I-Pteranodon yayingesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezaziwa kakhulu ezazikhona ngeLate Cretaceous period. Babephila phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-85 kanye nengama-88 edlule, futhi bayingxenye ye-pterosaur genus pteranodontid. Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo ngokwendawo kwakuseNyakatho Melika, kuthathwe izindawo okuyi-Alabama, Wyoming, Nebraska, South Dakota kanye neKansas. Ngaphandle kwePteranodon kutholwe amathambo angaphezu kuka-1.200, eziningi zazo zisesimweni esihle. Umbono esinawo namuhla ucishe ufane kakhulu nezinsalela ezitholakele.
Naphezu kokucabanga ngePteranodon njenge-dinosaur, iqiniso liwukuthi kwakungenjalo. Ayengezabanye udadewabo wama-dinosaur, i-Avemetatatarsalia., lapho ama-dinosaurs ayengaweqembu leSaurischia ne-Ornithischia. Hhayi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bebengadumile kangako, njengoba phakathi komphakathi jikelele, baziwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushintshwa kwefilimu lapho befaka khona ama-Pteranodons emhlabeni wama-dinosaurs. Ngokuba isilwane esingasekho, nokuhlala ndawonye namadayinaso, sizokhuluma ngawo. Zombili izindiza zabo, ukudla, i-morphology, ugebhezi kanye nelukuluku.
I-Pteranodon Anatomy
Naphezu kokwazi eduze kakhulu i-morphology ye-Pteranodon, nokuthi amathambo amakhulu kakhulu atholakele akhonjisiwe ubude bufika ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-7, akukho ukuvumelana ngokuphelele ngesisindo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyaziwa ukuthi lezo Pteranodon ezitholwe zindala futhi esigabeni sabadala zizomela abesilisa. Zonke zazo, ezinama-crests amakhulu nama-pelviss amancane. Kwabesifazane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-crests ayemancane, njengosayizi wawo omncane, futhi ama-pelvises abanzi ngokuqinisekile ayethandwa ngokubeka amaqanda. Nokho, isisindo salo, okukhulu okungaziwa, sisikisela lokho iphakathi kuka-20 no-90 kilos, nakuba ukuvumelana kokugcina kunalokho kuphakamisa isisindo esiphakathi. Inkinga ivela eqinisweni lokuthi asikho isilwane samanje, amalulwane noma izinyoni, ezingafana nePteranodon ngokuma kanye ne-anatomy.
De Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zePteranodon ezaziwayo kukhona ubuningi obukhulu, kunezinye ezisebenzayo nezidumile njengoP. Longiceps, P. Stembergi, bese kuba uchungechunge olude lwezinhlobo ezihlukile nezinye ezingasasetshenziswa noma ezingacacile ngokuphelele.
ugebhezi kanye crest
Ugebhezi lwe-Pteranodon lwaluqinile kakhulu. Ngokungafani namanye ama-pterosaur akudala afana ne-Pterodactyl, i-Pteranodon yayinomhlathi ongenamazinyo. Uqhwaku lwayo lwakhiwe ithambo eliqinile emaphethelweni ayo, futhi lalide kakhulu futhi ligcina ngephuzu. Umhlathi wayo ongenhla wawumude kunowangaphansi. Futhi ingxenye emele kakhulu yogebhezi kulesi sifanekiso kwakuyi-crest yayo ende futhi ephinyiselwe, cishe amasentimitha angu-80 ngokwesilinganiso. Uhlaka lwayo lwaluvela ekuboneni kwamathambo angaphambili ayenyuka futhi ehlehla ogebhezini. Ubude bayo bebuhluka ngokuya ngeminyaka, ubulili kanye nezinhlobo. Cishe isilinganiso sobude bogebhezi lwekhanda lakhe sasingamamitha angu-1.
Ukudla
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-pteranodon kwakuyizinhlanzi., njengoba kuye kwatholakala amathambo ezinhlanzi ezinezinsalela esiswini kanye nezingcezwana zamazenga eduze komgogodla wezibonelo ezimbalwa. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi yayizingela nezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lesi silwane esihuquzelayo esindizayo sasidoba ngokucwilisa uqhwaku lwaso olude emanzini ngokutshuza kancane, okusekelwe emcabangweni wokuqala wokuthi sasingenakusuka emanzini. Nokho, ngo-1994, umcwaningi uBennett waphawula ukwakheka okuqinile kwekhanda, intamo namahlombe e-pteranodon, okuholela embonweni omusha engase ibe nawo. yakwazi ukuphuma emanzini futhi ngaleyo ndlela yacwila kuwo ukuze idobe lapho ibhukuda. Ngokuyisisekelo kufanele isonge amaphiko ayo emuva, njengoba kwenza ama-gannethi anamuhla.
Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi insikazi encane yalolu hlobo yayingafinyelela kalula ukujula okungenani okungama-80cm ngoqhwaku lwayo, intanta phezulu.
Ukundiza kwePteranodon
Isitayela sokundiza sale nkosi yezulu kufanele ifaniswa ne-albatross yethu:
- Ukuma kwephiko kufana kakhulu (i-span kuya kubude be-chord ngu-9:1 ku-Pteranodon kanye no-8:1 kwe-albatross).
- Bobabili bangabathengisi bezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke iPteranodon yasebenzisa iphethini yokundiza efanayo neye-albatross, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-dynamic glide«, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa isivinini somoya esiphansi endaweni yolwandle ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha uhambo olude ngaphandle kokubhakuzisa noma ukuba nesidingo sokusebenzisa amaza ashisayo.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ukundiza kwePteranodon kwakuncike kakhulu ekushibilikeni, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ezinyonini zasolwandle ezinamaphiko amade, nokho kucatshangelwa ukuthi iphinde yasebenzisa i-wingbeat esheshayo kanjalo nesitayela esisebenzayo sokundiza. Lo mbono wokugcina usekelwa ucwaningo lokulayisha ngamaphiko olwenziwa kulolu hlobo lwezilwane, oluhlanganisa ukulinganisa amandla amaphiko maqondana nesisindo somzimba, ukulahla umbono wokuqala wokuthi amaphiko ayo ayemakhulu kangangokuthi akwazi ukutshuza kuphela.
Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi, njengama-pterosaur amaningi, i-Pteranodon yasuka ngokuthatha ukuma kwe-quadrupedal futhi iziqhubekisela phambili ngokugxuma okusheshayo.
Curiosities
- I-Pteranodon ivela kumafilimu ahlukahlukene, njengethi "In Search of the Enchanted Valley", ifilimu yopopayi yezingane. Bese kuthi kwezinye ezifana neJurassic Park III, lapho kanye neSpinosaurus zingamadinosaur amabili ayinhloko.
- I-Pteranodon isho ukuthi "uphiko olungenamazinyo" ngesiLatini.
- Kukholakala ukuthi iPteranodon yachitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo isemoyeni, futhi ikwenze lokho ngesivinini esingaba ngu-25km/h njengoba yayizinikele kakhulu ekuntwezanizeni.
- Ngemva kwemibono ehlukahlukene eyaphakanyiswa kulo lonke ikhulu lama-XNUMX, kukholakala ukuthi umsebenzi we-crest bekuyoba ubulili nje. Iningi lemibono eyayithuthukisiwe ukuze isetshenziswe ezinye, njenge-counterweight noma "rudder," yalahlwa kamuva.
- Izinsalela zokuqala ezitholakele zatholakala ngo-1870 ngu-Othniel Charles Marsh, eKansas.
- Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezaziwayo ze-Pteranodon, ezinye zazo zihlelwe kabusha kanti ezinye aziqinisekiswanga ngokuphelele.