I-Theropod iyi-suborder ye-saurischian dinosaur. ebonakala ngokuba namathambo angenalutho kanye neminwe emithathu emaphethelweni. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2017 i-athikili yabafaka kabusha eqenjini le-Ornithosceldia. Igama lokuqala elithi "Theropoda", elivela kwelesiGrikhi, lisho ukuthi "unyawo lwesilo".
Ekuqaleni, ama-dinosaurs akulesi sigaba esingaphansi ayeyizisulu. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zazo zavela zaba omnivorous, insectivorous, herbivorous, futhi piscivorous. Ukuvela kwayo kokuqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-232 edlule, ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Triassic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu zasemhlabeni kusukela ku-Early Jurassic kuya ngasekupheleni kwe-Cretaceous kwakuyi-Theropods. Ngesikhathi seJurassic, encane kunazo zonke kule suborder yashintsha yaba izinyoni. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziphilayo ezingaba ngu-10.500 eziwela ngaphansi kwe-Theropod suborder.
Incazelo yeTheropod
Naphezu kokuba i-suborder efanayo, kwakunomehluko omningi phakathi kwama-dinosaurs angama-Theropods. Kutholwe imikhakha eminingi enezimpaphe, noma okungenani izakhiwo ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala kuyisici esivame kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abasha kanye nezinhlobo ezincane. Ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi zikhona kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba. Izibonelo ezinkulu zazinamazenga amancane aphakanyisiwe avala isikhumba sazo. Kunezinhlobo lapho la mazenga ayexhunywe khona nezinkulu ezazinamanuclei amathambo. Isibonelo salolu hlobo lwesikhumba yi-Carnotaurus. Kukhona nobufakazi obuphakamisa ukuthi amanye ama-Theropods angaba nazo zombili izikali nezimpaphe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuma komzimba
Ngaphezu kokuba nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhumba, izilwane ezingaphansi kwe-Theropod cishe zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuma nokuhamba. Kuze kube yimanje kusaqagulwa ukuthi zonke bezidlala kabili kanti nezitho zangaphambili bezincane. Ama-non-avian theropods, njengama-carnosaurs nama-tyrannosaurids, ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi agcina ukuma okucishe kume ngokuphelele. Umsila wayo kuleli cala wawusekela, njengama-kangaroo amanje. Kodwa-ke, ngawo-70s, uphenyo lwe-bone articulation lwenziwa olwakhipha lo mbono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abukho ubufakazi bensalela bokuthi ama-Theropods amakhulu ahudula imisila yawo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayakuqagela lokho izilwane ezinkulu zalo mkhakha ongaphansi zamukela ukuma okuvundlile nemisila yazo iqondane nomhlaba.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex/»]
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuma kwemilenze. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-femur yayiqondiswe ngokuqondile kuma-Theropods anomsila omude. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi wonke ama-theropods agcina amadolo awo egobile ngenkathi ehamba. Ngokunokwenzeka kwakunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuma, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, nezikhundla. phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene ama-theropods angasekho.
Tamaño
Ngaphakathi kwe-Theropod suborder, i-Tyrannosaurus edumile ivelele. Yayiphethe isikhundla seTheropod eyaziwa kakhulu amashumi eminyaka amaningi. Nokho, okwatholwa kamuva kwakuhlanganisa nezilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo kugqame i-Giganotosaurus ne-Spinosaurus. Lesi sakamuva sibonakala siside ngamamitha angu-3 kune-Tyrannosaurus. Nokho, cishe kwakuyinto encane futhi elula. Ayikho incazelo yesayensi ngalawa masayizi amakhulu noma kungani ezinye izilwane ezidla inyama zasemhlabeni zingazange zifinyelele ubukhulu obunjalo. Njengamanje, i-theropod enkulu kunazo zonke intshe. Lokhu kungafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-2,74 futhi nesisindo esingu-63,5 kuya ku-145,15 kilos.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-Anchiornis huxleyi. Incane kunazo zonke eyaziwa ngokuthi i-non-avian theropod. Yayinobude obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angu-35 kanye nesisindo esingamagremu angu-110. Nokho, namuhla kune- theropod encane nakakhulu: i-hummingbird. Lesi sisindo silinganiselwa ku-1,9 amagremu futhi inobude obungamasentimitha angu-5,5.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/spinosaurus/»]
Kukhona inkolelo-mbono mayelana nokuvela kwezinyoni. Uthi ubukhulu be-theropods bebuncipha iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-50. Basuka ekubeni nesisindo esijwayelekile samakhilogremu angu-163 baya ekubeni nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-0,8. I-Theropods yizona kuphela izilwane zangaphambi komlando ezazikwazi ukwehlisa usayizi wazo ngokuqhubekayo. Ushintsho olwaba khona amathambo abo lwalushesha ngokuphindwe kane kunezinye izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs.
Ukudla kwe-theropod
Izinsalela zokuqala ezatholwa ama-theropods zabonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zazinamazinyo abukhali, ahlabayo, alungele ukusika inyama. Izibonelo ezinobufakazi bokuthi zidliwe izilwane ziye zatholwa, njengeCompsognathus neVelociraptor. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe bayaqinisekisa ukuthi ama-dinosaurs akulesi sigaba esingaphansi ayedla inyama. Kunalokho, ama-avian theropods abenokudla okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa izitshalo, izinambuzane kanye nenyama. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwenziwa phakathi kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nekhulu lama-XNUMX lubonisa ukuthi ama-Theropods okhokho nawo ayengase ondle ngendlela ehluke kakhulu hhayi ngenyama kuphela.
I-theropod yokuqala ye-herbivorous eqinisekisiwe yi-Tericinosaurus, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Segnosaurus. Lama dinosaur ayenezisu ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukucubungula imifino. Ikhanda likaSegnoso lalilincane. Yayinoqhwaku olumise okweqabunga namazinyo. Ngemva kokwenza uchungechunge lwezifundo, izazi ze-paleontology zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kwakukhona ama-Theropods adla uhlaza amaningi kune-Tericinosaurus. Amaqembu ahlukene ama-maniraptoran amathambo anobufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ayeyi-omnivorous. Kwamanye ama-troodontids lokhu kwakuhlanganisa imbewu kanye nezinyoni eziningi izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama<em>Theropod aqala ukufundela ukudoba, njengama<em>spinosaurid.
Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthola ukudla kwama-dinosaurs?
Sibonga izifundo ze i-dental morphology, izimpawu zamazinyo ezitholakale emathanjeni kanye nezinsalela zezinsalela zamathumbu kungatholwa ukuthi ukudla kwe-dinosaur kwakhiwe ngani. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi kwakukhona ama-Theropods ayesebenzisa i-gastroliths. Lawa amatshe asiza ukucubungula ukudla okugwinyisiwe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Baryonyx, izinyoni nama-ornithomimosaur.
Cishe wonke ama-theropods abonisa i-ziphodontia. Okusho ukuthi: amazinyo aso ahlukene anomese. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, baphenduka ama-philodonts noma ama-pachydontes. Njengoba i-morphology yamazinyo alezi zilwane ihluke kakhulu, kulula ukuhlukanisa imindeni eyakha ama-Theropods. Ukwengeza, ngalezi zici kungenzeka ukuthola amasu okudla abawalandelayo. Ngo-2015, kwashicilelwa imiphumela yophenyo olwenziwa ngemifantu etholakala emazinyweni alezi zilwane. Aphenduka imigoqo evimbela amazinyo ukuthi angaphuki ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba usizo olukhulu ekugcineni amazinyo esendaweni.