IPteranodon yayisesinye sezona zirhubuluzi zibhabhayo zazisaziwa kakhulu ezazikho ngexesha leLate Cretaceous. Babephila phakathi kwe-85 kunye ne-88 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye yinxalenye ye-pterosaur genus pteranodontid. Ukusasazwa kwayo ngokwejografi kwakuseMntla Melika, kuhlala imimandla ngoku eyiAlabama, iWyoming, iNebraska, iSouth Dakota neKansas. Ngaphandle kwePteranodon ngaphezulu kwe-1.200 yamathambo afunyenweyo, uninzi lwabo lukwimeko entle. Uluvo esinalo namhlanje luqikelelo olukhulu kumbulelo kwiifosili ezifunyenweyo.
Nangona ucinga ngePteranodon njengedayinaso, inyaniso kukuba kwakungekho. Babengabakwadade clade kwiidinosaurs, iAvemetatatarsalia., apho iidayinaso zazizezeqela leSaurischia kunye neOrnithischia. Akunjalo ngenxa yesi sizathu, baye baduma kakhulu, kuba phakathi koluntu ngokubanzi, baziwa kakuhle, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwefilimu apho babandakanya iiPteranodons ngaphakathi kwehlabathi leedinosaurs. Kuba sisilwanyana esiphelileyo, kwaye sihlala kunye needinosaurs, siza kuthetha ngazo. Zombini iinqwelomoya zabo, ukutya, imorphology, ukhakhayi kunye nezinto ezinomdla.
I-Pteranodon Anatomy
Ngaphandle kokwazi ngokusondeleyo kakhulu i-morphology yePteranodon, kunye nokuba awona mathambo makhulu afunyenweyo abonisiwe ubude ukuya kwi-7 yeemitha, akukho mvumelwano ngokupheleleyo malunga nobunzima. Kwelinye icala, kuyaziwa ukuba ezo Pteranodon zifunyenwe zindala kwaye kwinqanaba labantu abadala ziya kumela amadoda. Bonke, kunye ne-crests ezinkulu kunye ne-pelviss encinci. Kwimazi, kwelinye icala, iicrests zazincinci, zifana nobukhulu bazo, kwaye i-pelviss ebanzi ngokuqinisekileyo yayithandwa ngokubeka amaqanda. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bayo, obukhulu obungaziwa, bucebisa ukuba iphakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-90 yeekhilo, nangona ukuvumelana kokugqibela kunokuba kucebise ubunzima obuphakathi. Ingxaki ivela kwinto yokuba asikho isilwanyana sangoku, amalulwane okanye iintaka, ezinokufana nePteranodon ngobume kunye ne-anatomy.
De Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zePteranodon ezaziwayo kukho isininzi esikhulu, kukho ezinye ezisebenzayo nezaziwayo ezifana noP. Longiceps, P. Stembergi, kwaza kwalandela uthotho olude lwezinye iintlobo nezinye ezingasetyenziswayo okanye ezingacacanga ngokupheleleyo.
ukakayi kunye necrest
Ukhakhayi lwePteranodon lwalunzima kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iipterosaurs zamandulo ezifana nePterodactyl, iPteranodon ibinomhlathi ongenamazinyo. Umlomo wayo wawenziwe lithambo eliqinileyo emacaleni ayo, kwaye wawumde kakhulu kwaye uphela kwindawo. Umhlathi wayo ongasentla wawumde kunolo ungaphantsi. Kwaye eyona nxalenye imele i-skull kulo mzekelo yayiyi-crest yayo ende kwaye ichazwe, malunga ne-80 centimeters ngokomndilili. Intloko yayo yavela kwingqikelelo yamathambo angaphambili awayenyuka nasemva ephuma kukhakhayi. Ubude bayo bahlukana ngokobudala, isini kunye neentlobo. Ngokumalunga ubude obuqhelekileyo bokhakhayi bakhe babuziimitha ezisisi-1.
Ukutya
Ukutya okuphambili kwepteranodon kwakuyintlanzi., ekubeni amathambo entlanzi enziwe ngefosili afunyenwe kwindawo yesisu kunye neziqwenga zamaxolo ecaleni kwethambo leesampuli ezininzi. Nakuba kunjalo, iingcali zicinga ukuba yayizingela izilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
Ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba esi sirhubuluzi sibhabhayo sasiloba ngokufaka umlomo waso omde emanzini ngokutyibilika kancinane, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yokuqala yokuba sasingenakunduluka emanzini. Noko ke, ngowe-1994, umphandi uBennett waphawula ukwakheka okunamandla kwentloko, intamo namagxa e<em>pteranodon, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwingcamango entsha enokuba yiyo. wakwazi ukunduluka emanzini waza ngaloo ndlela wantywila kuwo ukuze alobe ngoxa equbha. Ngokusisiseko ifanele ukusonga amaphiko ayo ngasemva, kanye njengokuba zisenza iigannethi zale mihla.
Iingcaphephe zicinga ukuba imazi encinci yolu hlobo yayinokufikelela kubunzulu obuncinci be-80cm kunye nomlomo wayo, idada ngaphezulu.
Ukubhabha kwePteranodon
Isimbo sokubhabha salo kumkani wesibhakabhaka sifanele ukuba njalo ifaniswa naleyo yealbatross yethu:
- Ukumila kwephiko kufana kakhulu (i-span to chord length yi-9:1 yePteranodon kunye ne-8:1 yealbatross).
- Bobabini ngabathengisi beentlanzi, ngokuqinisekileyo iPteranodon isebenzise indlela yokubhabha efanayo nealbatross, ebizwa ngokuba yi "dynamic glide«, equka ukuthatha ithuba lesantya somoya ophantsi kumphezulu wolwandle ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha uhambo olude ngaphandle kokuphaphatheka okanye ukuba nesidingo sokusebenzisa imisinga yobushushu.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ukubhabha kwePteranodon kwakuxhomekeke ikakhulu ekutyibilikeni, njengoko kuhlala kunjalo kwiintaka zaselwandle ezinamaphiko amade, nangona kunjalo kuqikelelwa ukuba. iphinde yasebenzisa i-wingbeat ekhawulezayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela isimbo esisebenzayo sokubhabha. Le ithiyori yokugqibela ixhaswa ngezifundo zokulayishwa kwamaphiko eziqhutywe kule ntlobo, equka ukulinganisa amandla amaphiko ngokumalunga nobunzima bomzimba, ukulahla ingcamango yokuqala yokuba amaphiko ayo ayekhulu kangangokuba angakwazi ukutyibilika kuphela.
Iingcali zicinga ukuba, njengoninzi lwe-pterosaurs, iPteranodon yanduluka ngokuthatha isimo se-quadrupedal kwaye iziqhubela ngokutsiba okukhawulezayo.
Curiosities
- I-Pteranodon ibonakala kwiifilimu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-"In Search of the Enchanted Valley", ifilimu yekhathuni yabantwana. Ke kwezinye ezifana neJurassic Park III, apho kunye ne-Spinosaurus ziziidinosaurs ezimbini eziphambili.
- I-Pteranodon ithetha "iphiko elingenamazinyo" ngesiLatini.
- Kukholeleka ukuba iPteranodon ichithe inxalenye enkulu yobomi bayo emoyeni, kwaye ikwenze oko ngesantya esingange 25km/h kuba ibizinikele kakhulu ekubhabhezeni.
- Emva kweengqikelelo ezahlukeneyo ezaphakanyiswa kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wecrest bekuya kuba sisini nje. Uninzi lweethiyori eziye zaphuculwa kwezinye izinto, ezifana ne-counterweight okanye "rudder" zaye zalahlwa kamva.
- Iifosili zokuqala ezifunyenweyo zafunyanwa ngo-1870 ngu-Othniel Charles Marsh, eKansas.
- Zingaphezulu kwama-30 iintlobo ezaziwayo zePteranodon, ezinye zazo zahlelwa ngokutsha kwaye ezinye aziqinisekiswanga ngokupheleleyo.