I-Theropod yindawo engaphantsi kwe-saurischian dinosaur. ebonakala ngokuba namathambo angenanto kunye neminwe emithathu emacaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2017 inqaku liye laphinda labahlelwa kwiqela le-Ornithosceldia. Igama lokuqala elithi "Theropoda", ukusuka kwisiGrike, lithetha "unyawo lwerhamncwa".
Ekuqaleni, iidinosaur zale nxalenye yangaphantsi zazizingela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo lwavela lwaba yi-omnivorous, insectivorous, herbivorous, kunye ne-piscivorous. Imbonakalo yayo yokuqala yayiphantse ibe zizigidi ezingama-232 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ekupheleni kwexesha leTriassic. Ngaphaya koko, zonke iicarnivores ezinkulu zomhlaba ukusuka kwi-Early Jurassic ukuya ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous zaziyiTheropods. Ngexesha leJurassic, oyena mncinane kulo mhlaba ungaphantsi waguquka waba ziintaka. Okwangoku, kukho malunga ne-10.500 yeentlobo eziphilayo eziwela ngaphakathi kwe-Theropod suborder.
Inkcazo yeTheropod
Nangona i-suborder efanayo, kwakukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi phakathi kweedinosaurs ze-Theropods. Kufunyenwe imijelo emininzi enentsiba, okanye ubuncinci izakhiwo ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abancinci kunye neentlobo ezincinci. Ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala zikho kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba. Imizekelo emikhulu yayinezikali ezincinci eziphakanyisiweyo ezigquma ulusu lwazo. Kukho iintlobo apho ezi ziqwenga zadityaniswa nezinkulu ezazinenuclei yamathambo. Umzekelo wolu hlobo lwesikhumba yiCarnotaurus. Kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ezinye iiTheropods zazinokuba nazo zombini izikali kunye neentsiba ngexesha elinye.
Ukuma
Ukongeza ekubeni neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba, izilwanyana eziphantsi kweTheropod zinokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuma kunye nokuhamba. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje kuqikelelwa ukuba zonke bezihamba kabini kwaye amalungu azo angaphambili mancinci. Ii-non-avian theropods, ezifana ne-carnosaurs kunye ne-tyrannosaurids, ekuqaleni kwakucingelwa ukuba zigcina ukuma okuthe tye ngokupheleleyo. Umsila wayo kule meko usebenze njengenkxaso, njengakwikhangaru zangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-70s, uphando lwe-bone articulation lwenziwa olulawula le ngcamango. Ngapha koko, akukho bungqina befosili bokuba ii<em>Theropods ezinkulu zirhuqa imisila yazo. Ngoko ke, iingcali ziyayiqikelela loo nto Izilwanyana eziziingxilimbela zalo mda ongaphantsi zamkela ukuma okuthe tyaba kunye nemisila yazo enxusene emhlabeni.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex/»]
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuqhelaniswa kwemilenze. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba i-femur yayijoliswe ngokuthe nkqo kwi-Theropods enkulu, enomsila omde. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba zonke i-theropods zagcina amadolo abo aguquguqukayo xa ehamba. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuma, ukuhamba, kunye nezikhundla. phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo aphelayo.
Tamaño
Ngaphakathi kweTheropod suborder, iTyrannosaurus eyaziwayo ivelele. Yayibambe isikhundla seyona Theropod enkulu eyaziwayo kwiminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, okufunyenwe kamva kukwaquka iinyamakazi ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo kugqame iGiganotosaurus kunye neSpinosaurus. Le yokugqibela ibonakala ibude beemitha ezi-3 kuneTyrannosaurus. Nangona kunjalo, yayiyinto encinci kwaye ilula. Akukho ngcaciso yenzululwazi ngobu bukhulu bukhulu kwanokuba kutheni ezinye izilwanyana ezidla inyama emhlabeni zingazange zifikelele kwimilinganiselo enjalo. Okwangoku, eyona theropod inkulu yinciniba. Oku kunokufikelela kwi-2,74 yeemitha ubude kunye nobunzima be-63,5 ukuya kwi-145,15 kilos.
Kwelinye icala yiAnchiornis huxleyi. Yeyona theropod incinci eyaziwayo engeyiyo eyentaka. Yayinobude obumalunga ne-35 centimeters kunye nobunzima be-110 grams. Noko ke, namhlanje kukho ingcungcu encinane ngakumbi: ingcungcu. Oku kunobunzima obumalunga ne-1,9 grams kwaye inobude obuyi-5,5 centimeters.
[i-url enxulumeneyo=»https://infoanimales.net/dinosaurs/spinosaurus/»]
Kukho ingcamango ngendaleko yeentaka. Uthi ubukhulu be-theropods bebuncipha kwi-50 yezigidi zeminyaka. Basuka ekubeni nobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-163 ukuya ekubeni nobunzima obuyi-0,8 yeekhilogram. I-Theropods yayikuphela kwezilwanyana zangaphambili ezikwazi ukuqhubeka zinciphisa ubukhulu bazo. Utshintsho olwenziwa ngamathambo abo lwalukhawuleza ngokuphindwe kane kunezinye iintlobo zeedinosaur.
Ukutya kweTheropod
Iifosili zokuqala ezafunyanwayo zabonisa ukuba ezi zilwanyana zazinamazinyo abukhali naxandileyo, alungele ukusika inyama. Iisampulu ezinobungqina bezilwanyana ziye zafunyanwa, njengeCompsognathus kunye neVelociraptor. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iingcali ziqinisekisa ukuba iidinosaur zale suborder zazidla ngokutya. Endaweni yoko, I-avian theropods yayinokutya okwahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka izityalo, izinambuzane kunye nenyama. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olwenziwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kunye nenkulungwane yama-XNUMX lubonisa ukuba ii-Theropods zamanyange zazinokondla ngendlela eyahlukileyo hayi inyama kuphela.
Ithropod yokuqala eqinisekisiweyo ye-herbivorous yiTericinosaurus, eyaziwa ngokuba yiSegnosaurus. Ezi dinosaur zazinezisu ezikhulu kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukucubungula imifuno. Intloko yeSegnoso yayincinci. Yayinomlomo namazinyo amile okwegqabi. Emva kokuqhuba uthotho lwezifundo, izazi ngezidalwa zamandulo zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba bekukho iiTheropods ezitya utyani ngaphezulu kuneTericinosaurus. Amaqela ahlukeneyo e-maniraptorans yefosili anobungqina bokuba inokuba yayiyi-omnivorous. Kwezinye iitroodontids oku kuquka imbewu kunye neentaka ezininzi izinambuzane. Ukongezelela, ezinye ii<em>Theropods zeza ngokukhethekileyo ekulobeni, njenge<em>spinosaurids.
Kunokwenzeka njani ukufumanisa ukutya kweedinosaurs?
Enkosi kwizifundo ze i-dental morphology, amanqaku amazinyo afunyenwe emathanjeni kunye ne-fossil eseleyo kumxholo wamathumbu kunokufunyanwa ukuba idayethi yedayinaso yenziwe ngantoni. Namhlanje siyazi ukuba kwakukho iiTheropods ezazisebenzisa i-gastroliths. La ngamatye anceda ekuqhubeni ukutya okutyiweyo. Phakathi kwazo kukho iBaryonyx, iintaka kunye nee ornithomimosaurs.
Phantse zonke theropods zibonisa ziphodontia. Oko kukuthi: amazinyo alo arhabaxa amile okwemela. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bajika babe ziifilosofi okanye iipachydontes. Njengoko i-morphology yamazinyo ezi zilwanyana yahluke kakhulu, kulula ukwahlula iintsapho ezenza iTheropods. Ukongeza, ngezi mpawu kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa iindlela zokutyisa abazilandelayo. Ngo-2015, iziphumo zophando olwenziwa kwiintanda ezifunyenwe kumazinyo ezi zilwanyana zapapashwa. Zaba yimigoqo enceda amazinyo ukuba angaqhawuki xa bezingelwa. Ukongezelela, ayeluncedo olukhulu ekugcineni amazinyo emile.